【正文】 f information transmition. The Telemedicine unit is responsible for collecting and transmitting biosignals and still images of the patients from the incident place to the Doctor39。s camera have resolution 320 240 pixel and are pressed using the JPEG pression algorithm。 it could stop the operation of the protocol or add some problem when reading data from the medical monitor (too many system resources were used). Having in mind all the above and the measurements of bytes transmitted (Figure 8) we had to select a buffer size that: would not add too much overhead to the transmitted data, would not cause fragmentation of the transmitted buffers and would not add too much delay on real time transmitted signal. Having in mind all the above the selected buffer size used was 431 bytes. Conclusions We have developed a medical device for telemedicine applications. The device uses GSM mobile telephony links, Satellite links or POTS links and allows the collection and transmission of vital biosignals, still images of the patient and bidirectional telepointing capability. The advance manmachine interface enhances the system functionality by allowing the users to operate in handsfree mode while receiving data and municating with specialists. In order to introduce the system in daily health care provision。 in our case we had used an INMARSATphone Minim system which can transmit data only up to 2400 bps, but has low equipment and use cost. Plain Old Telephony System (POTS) allows the transmission of data using a rate up to 56000 bps, thus enabling the continuous and fast information transmission (Table 2). The practical maximum data transfer rate over telemunication means is never as high as the theoretical data transfer rate. Practical data rates depend on the time and the area where the system is used. Biosignals data transmission can be done in two ways: real time transmission where a continuous signal is transmitted from client to server or store and forward transmission where signals of a predefined period of time are stored in the client and transmitted as files to server. It mainly depends on the maximum data transfer rate of the telemunication link used and the digital data output that the biosignal monitor has in each case. 機(jī)械專業(yè)中英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 17 Results – Discussion The final result is a Multipurpose Telemedicine system, which facilitates a flexible architecture that can be adopted in several different application fields. The system has been tested and validated for a variety of medical devices and telemunication means. Results presented in this section are typical for the needs of system use in Rural Health Centers, in Ambulance Vehicles or in a Navigating Ship. Data transmission is done using the TCP/IP work protocol. Transmitting data over TCP/IP is a trivial and easy task when using works, which have high bandwidth and low error rate. In order to transmit a buffer of n bytes through TCP/IP a header of about 55 bytes is added, this will add a great amount of data especially in cases that we transmit small buffers (. when transmitting a buffer of 10 bytes the work protocol will increase this buffer to 65 bytes). When transmitting a buffer that has size larger than the Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU) this buffer will be fragmented in to smaller packets that each one has the size of the MTU, all small packets will be reconnected when arriving at the destination site。s Unit) The base unit mainly consists of a dedicated PC equipped with a modem, which is responsible for data interchange. In addition the base unit pc is responsible for displaying ining signals from the Telemedicine unit. When an expert doctor uses the base unit located outside the hospital area (like in the Intensive Care Room application – see Figure 1, a portable PC equipped with a GSM modem or a desktop PC equipped with a POTS modem is used. When the base unit is located in the hospital, a desktop PC connected to the Hospital Information Network (HIS) equipped with a POTS modem can additionally be used。s unit) is located at the place where the signals and images of the patient are sent and monitored. The Telemedicine device is responsible to collect data (biosignals and images) from the patient and automatically transmit them to the base unit. The base unit is prised of a set of userfriendly software modules, which can receive data from the Telemedicine device, transmit information back to it and store important data in a local database. The system has several different applications (with small changes each time), according to the current healthcare provision nature and needs. Before the system39。 in addition the system has been clinically validated in three different countries using a standardized medical protocol. Background Telemedicine is defined as the delivery of health care and sharing of medical knowledge over a distance using telemunication means. Thus, the aim of Telemedicine is to provide expertbased health care to understaffed remote sites and to provide advanced emergency care through modern telemunication and information technologies. The concept of Telemedicine was introduced about 30 years ago through the use of nowadaysmon technologies like telephone and facsimile machines. Today, 機(jī)械專業(yè)中英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 9 Telemedicine systems are supported by State of the Art Technologies like Interactive video, high resolution monitors, high speed puter works and switching systems, and telemunications superhighways including fiber optics, satellites and cellular telephony [1]. The availability of prompt and expert medical care can meaningfully improve health care services at understaffed rural or remote areas. The provision of effective emergency Telemedicine and home monitoring solutions are the major fields of interest discus