【正文】 正序故障分量方向高頻保護(hù)也相繼于 199 1996 年通過鑒定。 南京電力自動(dòng)化研究院一開始就研制了 16位 cpu為基礎(chǔ)的微機(jī)線路保護(hù)，已得到大面積推廣，目前也在研究 32位保護(hù)硬件系統(tǒng)。由于當(dāng)時(shí)小型機(jī)體積大、成本高、可靠性差，這個(gè)設(shè)想是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為信息和數(shù)據(jù)通信工具已成為信息時(shí)代的技術(shù)支柱，使人類生 產(chǎn)和社會(huì)生活的面貌發(fā)生了根本變化。顯然，實(shí)現(xiàn)這種系統(tǒng)保護(hù)的基本條件是將全系統(tǒng)各主要設(shè)備的保護(hù)裝置用計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)接起來，亦即實(shí)現(xiàn)微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化。在母線區(qū)外故障時(shí)，各保護(hù)單元都計(jì)算為外部故障均不動(dòng)作。所敷設(shè)的大量控制電纜不但要大量投資，而且使二次回路非常復(fù)雜。 近年來，人工智能技術(shù)如神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、遺傳算法 、進(jìn)化規(guī)劃、模糊邏輯等在電力系統(tǒng)各個(gè)領(lǐng)域都得到了應(yīng)用，在繼電保護(hù)領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的研究也已開始［ 7］。隨著電力系統(tǒng)的高速發(fā)展和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)面臨著進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。s in are the times which the transistor relay protection vigorous development and widely uses. Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation research 500kv transistor direction high frequency protection the transistor high frequency block system which develops with the Nanjing electric power automation research institute is away from the protection, moves on the Gezhou Dam 500 kv line , finished the 500kv line protection to depend upon pletely from the overseas import time. From the 7039。 On the other hand took the survey quantity, delivers through the work. May to deliver from through the work by the protection device operation control mand this integrated installment, carries out the circuit breaker operation from this the integrated installment. In 1992 the Tianjin University proposed the protection, the control, the survey, the correspondence integration question, and has developed take the tms320c25 digital signal processor (dsp) as a foundation protection, the control, the survey, the data munication integration installment. intellectualizations In recent years, the artificial intelligence technology like nerve work, the geic algorithms, the evolution plan, the fuzzy logic and so on all obtained the application in electrical power system each domain, also started in the relay protection domain application researc 10 h. The nerve work is one nonlinear mapping method, very many lists the plex nonlinear problem with difficulty which the equation or solves with difficulty, the application nerve work side principle may be easily solved. For example exhibits in the situation in the transmission line two sides systems electric potential angle to occur after the transition resistance shortcircuits is a nonlinear problem, very difficult correctly to make the breakdown position from the protection the distinction, thus creates moves by mistake or resists to move。s to enter the time which the microputer protected. 2 relay protections future development The relay protection technology future the tendency will be to puterizes, worked, the intellectualization, will protect, the control, the survey and the data munication integration development. puterizes Along with the puter hardware swift and violent development, the microputer protection hardware also unceasingly is developing. The original North China electric power institute develops the microputer line protection hardware has experienced 3 development phases: Is published from 8 lists cpu structure microputer protection, does not develop to 5 years time to the multi cpu structure, latter developed to the main line does not leave t 7 he module the big modular structure, the performance enhances greatly, obtained the widespread application. Huazhong University of Science and Technology develops the microputer protection also is from 8 cpu, develops to take the labor controlling machine core partially as the foundation 32 microputers protection. The Nanjing electric power automation research institute from the very beginning has developed 16 cpu is the foundation microputer line protection, obtained the big area promotion, at present also is studying 32 protections hardware system. Southeast the university develops the microputer host equipment protects the hardware also passed through improved and the enhancement many times. The Tianjin University from the very beginning is the development take more than 16 cpu as the foundation microputer line protection, in 1988 namely started to study take 32 digital signals processor (dsp) as the foundation protection, the control, the survey integration microputer installment, at present cooperated with the Zhuhai Jin automatic equipment pany develops one kind of function plete 32 big modules, a module was a miniputer. Uses 32 microputers chips only to focus by no means on the precision, because of the precision the a/d switch resolution limit, is surpassed time 16 all is accepts with difficulty in the conversion rate and the cost aspect。s, the transistor relay protection was starting to study. In the 6039?？梢灶A(yù)見，人工智能技術(shù)在繼電保護(hù)領(lǐng)域必會(huì)得到應(yīng)用，以解決用常規(guī)方法難以解決的問題。從主控室通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)可將對(duì)被保護(hù)設(shè)備的操作控制命令送到此一體化裝置，由此一體化裝置執(zhí)行斷路器的操作。因此，每個(gè)微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置不但可完成繼電保護(hù)功能，而且在無故障正常運(yùn)行情況下還可完成測(cè)量、控制、數(shù)據(jù)通信功能，亦即實(shí)現(xiàn)保護(hù)、控制、測(cè)量、數(shù)據(jù)通信一體化。天津大學(xué) 1993年針對(duì)未來三峽水電站 500kv超高壓多回路母線提出了一種分布式母線保護(hù)的原理，初步研制成功了這種裝置。因繼電保護(hù)的作用不只限于切除故障元件和限制事故影響范圍 (這是首要任務(wù) )，還要保證全系統(tǒng)的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。 3 繼電保護(hù)裝置的微機(jī)化、計(jì)算機(jī)化是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。這就要求微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置具有相當(dāng)于一臺(tái) pc機(jī)的功能。原華北電力學(xué)院研制的微機(jī)線路保護(hù)硬件已經(jīng)歷了 3個(gè)發(fā)展階段：從 8位單 cpu結(jié)構(gòu)的微機(jī)保護(hù)問世，不到 5年時(shí)間就發(fā)展到多 cpu結(jié)構(gòu)，后又發(fā)展到總線不出模塊的大模塊結(jié)構(gòu)，性能大大提高，得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。在主設(shè)備保護(hù)方面，東南大學(xué)和華中理工大學(xué)研制的發(fā)電機(jī) 失磁保護(hù)、發(fā)電機(jī)保護(hù)和發(fā)電機(jī) ?變壓器組保護(hù)也相繼于198 1994年通過鑒定，投入運(yùn)行。其中天津大學(xué)與南京電力 自動(dòng)化設(shè)備廠合作研究的 500kv 晶體管方向高頻保護(hù)和南京電力自動(dòng)化研究院研制的晶體管高頻閉鎖距離保護(hù)，運(yùn)行于葛洲壩 500 kv 線路上，結(jié)束了 500kv 線路保護(hù)完全依靠從國(guó)外進(jìn)口的時(shí)代。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 繼電保護(hù)， 繼電保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀發(fā)展，繼電保護(hù)的未來發(fā)展 一、 繼電保護(hù)原理及現(xiàn)狀 電力系統(tǒng)的迅速發(fā)展對(duì)繼電保護(hù)不斷提出新的要求，電子技術(shù)，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展不斷為繼電