【正文】 周圍 ［C］ about到處［D］ aboard在（船、車飛機(jī)）上 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+副詞辨析［快速解題］空格所在部分意為“當(dāng)‘五月花號(hào)’返回英格蘭的時(shí)候，沒有一名殖民者…”，顯然，表示“在船上”的aboard符合文章語(yǔ)義的銜接，為正確選項(xiàng)。船上的一百名乘客都是朝圣者，他們正在尋找一個(gè)地方，在那里他們能以自己特有的方式敬仰上帝。由于天氣變暖和飲食的改善，殖民者們的健康狀況得以好轉(zhuǎn)。那年夏天，當(dāng)“五月花號(hào)”返回英格蘭的時(shí)候，船上沒有一名殖民者。第一部分為第一段，提出現(xiàn)象：指出記憶對(duì)于閱讀或?qū)W習(xí)的重要性，并且記憶需要聰明的方法。[C]選項(xiàng)無(wú)干干擾，從文中無(wú)從推知。[A] 僅僅兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的過(guò)程[B] 主要是理解內(nèi)容和批判性地評(píng)估內(nèi)容[C] 僅僅區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn) [D] 主要進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。 good reader is one 。這樣不過(guò)是浪費(fèi)寶貴時(shí)間罷了。這與你的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程非常相似。貝尼特為什么這樣描寫美國(guó)。”或是“嗯……，我以為這項(xiàng)紀(jì)錄早就被打破了。Text 2 ①If you live in a large city, you are quite familiar with some of the problems of noise, but because of some of its harmful effects, you may not be aware of the extent of its influence on human behavior.②Although everyone more or less knows what noise is, ., it is sounds that one would rather not hear, it is perhaps best to define it more precisely for scientific purposes.③One such definition is that noise is sounds that are unrelated to the task at hand.④Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment.⑤In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in the effects of noise on human behavior, and concepts such as “noise pollution” have arisen, together with movements to reduce noise.①Exposure to loud noises can definitely produce a partial or plete loss of hearing, depending on the intensity, duration, and frequency position of the noise.②Many jobs present noise hazards, such as working in factories and around jet aircraft, driving farm tractors, and working(or sitting)in music halls where rock bands are playing.③In general, continuous exposure to sounds of over 80 decibels(a measure of the loudness of sound)can be considered dangerous.④Decibel values correspond to various sounds.⑤Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss.⑥Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind(., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).①Communicating with other people is unfavorably affected by noise.②If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to pensate for the effect.③The problem is 、詞匯1．extent ，程度2．a(chǎn)t hand在手邊3．stimulin（stimulus的復(fù)數(shù)形式）刺激 4．exposure n.(to sth)暴露（在…下）5．intensity ，強(qiáng)烈6．duration 7．frequency ,頻率8．hazard ,危害 9．decibel 10．measure 11．correspond to相應(yīng)于，符合于12．intermittent ，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的 13．vigilance 14．detect ，發(fā)現(xiàn) 15．rear ,背后二、長(zhǎng)難句 stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the stimuli will be considered noise，主語(yǔ)stimuli后接有that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做后置定語(yǔ)；謂語(yǔ)部分有介詞短語(yǔ)at another time做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。翻譯：實(shí)際的聽力喪失程度要看噪音的具體頻率和噪音是持續(xù)性的還是間歇性的。句首為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，句子主干為you may have noticed that …and that …，其賓語(yǔ)由and連接的兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句構(gòu)成。第四段指出噪音會(huì)對(duì)人際交流造成不良影響。 of the harmful effects of noise on 。這篇文章采取總分結(jié)構(gòu)探討噪音對(duì)人類及其行為的影響。五、全文翻譯如果你居住在一個(gè)大城市，對(duì)噪音問(wèn)題就再熟悉不過(guò)了。 purpose of this pas[A] to define the effects of noise on human behavior [B] to warn people of the danger of noise pollution [C] to give advice as to how to prevent hearing loss [D] to tell the difference between noise and sound。[B]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，音量大是噪音的特點(diǎn)之一，但并非噪音的唯一特點(diǎn)。第二段指出噪音會(huì)造成人類聽力的部分或完全喪失。例如，一個(gè)人正執(zhí)行一件需要高度警惕的觀察工作，負(fù)責(zé)檢測(cè)某種弱信號(hào)（如，觀察雷達(dá)屏幕上飛行器的出現(xiàn)）。 loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or loss will depend upon the particular frequencies … and whether …，其中depend upon后接有and連接的并列名詞結(jié)構(gòu)做介詞賓語(yǔ)。事實(shí)可以通過(guò)證據(jù)來(lái)確認(rèn)，而觀點(diǎn)只是個(gè)人反應(yīng)。你與作者進(jìn)行一種精神對(duì)話。在開始學(xué)習(xí)之前，你這樣告訴自己，“我想知道斯蒂芬”她會(huì)回答，“好的，請(qǐng)這邊走。[A]選項(xiàng)是思考過(guò)程中的一點(diǎn)；[B]選項(xiàng)僅提及閱讀中思考這一要素，而忽略批判性閱讀的其他要素；[D]選項(xiàng)也只提到批判性閱讀中的兩點(diǎn)，因此其他三項(xiàng)都不完整。[C]和[D]選項(xiàng)張冠李戴，“區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)”和“進(jìn)行正確推理”是最后兩段提到的“對(duì)所閱讀的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行思考的附加過(guò)程”的部分內(nèi)容，而非閱讀行為的直接過(guò)程。[D]選項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有。第一段指出如果你不能記住你所讀或所學(xué)的內(nèi)容的話，就是在浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間，即你沒有從中學(xué)到任何東西，[B]選項(xiàng)正確。三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析這篇文章主要探討閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)中記憶的方法。最重要的是，在馬薩索特酋長(zhǎng)的監(jiān)管下，他們?cè)谙奶炫c其印第安鄰居訂立了友好協(xié)定。生活條件在1621年的春天開始改善：有了野菜、漿果和水果以及充足的魚和野禽。三、全文翻譯1620年，一艘被命名為“五月花號(hào)”的小帆船離開倫敦駛往新大陸。例句：I did it for the 。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)都是利用常用介詞設(shè)置的脫離上下文的無(wú)關(guān)干擾，聯(lián)系上下文語(yǔ)義不難排除。8.［A］ on［B］ behind［C］ for［D］ beyond 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+介詞辨析［快速解題］空格所在部分A splendid harvest was 8 them，意為“一個(gè)大豐收…他們”。He?s still recovering from his ，他仍在恢復(fù)之中。符合上下文語(yǔ)義的只有improve，在文中意為“健康得到改善”。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用表示“環(huán)境、狀況”的名詞對(duì)conditions形成近義干擾。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)是利用表示“度過(guò)”的動(dòng)詞對(duì)survive構(gòu)成近義干擾，考生要在理解詞義的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)單詞的用法區(qū)別掌握。［空格設(shè)置］terrible的詞義和用法比較簡(jiǎn)單，本題需要考生理解上下文的具體內(nèi)容做出選擇。由于文中具體指出了是海上航行，因此排除常指“地面路線”的route，最佳答案為[A]course。［篇章分析］①至④句是第一段的第一個(gè)層次，揭示了五月花號(hào)前往新大陸的原因。第四篇：考研英語(yǔ)歷年真題19891989年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ and ［D］.Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER the whole passage before making your choice.(10 points)①One day drought may be a thing of the past at least in coastal cities.②Vast areas of desert throughout the world may for the first timeand provide millions of hectares of land where now nothing grows.③By the end of this century this may not be mere2.④Scientists are already looking into the possibility of using some of the available ice in the Arctic and Antarctic.⑤In these regions there are vast icecaps formed by snow that has fallen over the past 50,000 years.⑥Layerlayer of deep snow means that, when melted, the snow water would be pure, not salty as seaice would be.⑦There is so muchpure water here that it would need only a fraction of it to turn much of the desert or poorly irrigated parts of the world into rich farmland.⑧And what useful packages it would e in!⑨It should be possible to cut off a bit of ice and11They are always transport it!⑩Alternati