【正文】 認為它具有重要的文學(xué)價值， 是美國黑人文學(xué)史上具有里程碑意義的小說，被譽為“劃時代的小說，可以說是現(xiàn)代美國黑人生活的詩史”。 本文主要通過闡述《看不見的人》這部作品中主人公迷失及尋找自我的生活歷程，探究其在當(dāng)時的社會背景下如何迷失自我和迷失自我的原因，包括種族、社會及自身的原因。 the following year, he was made a Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by France and became a permanent member of the faculty at New York University as the Albert Schweitzer Professor of Humanities, serving from 1970 to 1980. In 1975, Ellison was elected to The American Academy of Arts and Letters and his hometown of Oklahoma City honored him with the dedication of the Ralph Waldo Ellison Library. Continuing to teach, Ellison published mostly essays, and in 1984, he received the New York City College39。 but each new question does not cancel the validity of the question that precedes it. On his way to selfdiscovery, the narrator experiences too much frustration. Fortunately, with each setback he gains some maturity, and so the circular maze that entraps him bees less damaging to his soul. 4. Search for identity His Awakening Through his journey, the narrator is searching for his identity as an independent individual. As a humble and submissive slave, the narrator believes he would achieve his ideal by distinguishing himself from the rest ignorant and poor blacks. But by contrast with his dream, he neither extricates himself from the predicament nor achieves economic success. Spiritually shaken by the truth of racial discrimination, the narrator begins to awaken gradually. He realizes that he is entitled to get freedom. If he wants to get freedom, the first way is to change his meek and submissive view of life and break the dominance of white authorities. This is the foundation for him to search for his identity. The first experience that made him awaken is when he knows that Dr. Bledsoe, one of the authorities that he was so respected and admired before, cheats him. As the narrator mits his mistake by showing 美國“黑人文學(xué)”對自我身份的探尋 —— 以拉爾夫埃利森《看不見的人》為例 Norton Trueblood’s shack and carrying him to the Golden Day, Bledsoe immediately reproaches the narrator that he is a fool lacking in judgment. He tells the narrator that: ―don’t show the white what they want to see, but what the blacks want them to see‖, and expels the narrator from the college. However, the narrator at that time doesn’t awaken, and he still holds the hope that Dr. Bledsoe could help him to get a job in New York. Instead of hatred for Dr. Bledsoe, he convinces himself that he is at fault and deserves it. However, his hope is disillusioned after he learns the truth that Bledsoe intends no employers to offer him a job and he just deceives him. Immediately, the narrator is irritated, and it is the first time for him to think about the authority people whom he admires much before. It is very painful for him to know this, because it represents the disillusion of the dreams he has before. He wants to get his identity as Dr. Bledsoe does in his , Dr. Bledsoe represents the loss of blackness and black culture. He himself had no identity. In this way, breaking away from the influence of Dr. Bledsoe is the first step for the narrator in his search for identity. The narrator’s declaration of his love for blacks and the reconfirmation of black history are expressed in the episode of description of eating sweet potatoes. The sweet potatoes draw him ―with such a surge of homesickness that I turned away to keep my control‖. Such feeling is summed up in such word: ―they’re my birthmark‖ and ―I yam what I am!‖ In this view, he acknowledges his identity of a southern black. When he eats them he recalls his free and happy past life in the south. This episode is the best evidence that proves he has chosen himself and is never chosen by other people. The narrator at this time gradually found the identity of himself. His last plete awakening doesn’t happen until one day he witness the murder of Tod Clifton. Clifton is the old member of the Brotherhood. He is aware that the true purpose of the Brotherhood is not to serve for the needs of the black people. So he leaves the anization. Later, the narrator witness Clifton’s racially motivated murder at the hands of white police officers。 Seeking CONTENTS 美國“黑人文學(xué)”對自我身份的探尋 —— 以拉爾夫埃利森《看不見的人》為例 摘要 ABSTRACT CONTENTS Introduction 1. About Ralph Waldo Ellison and Invisible Man Ralph Waldo Ellison Invisible Man 2. The Lost of the Narrator’s Identity The Confusion of the Society The Confusion of the Narrator himself 3. The Reasons of the Lost of the Narrator’s Identity Racism The Impact of American Culture The Influence of the Narrator Himself 4. Search for Identity His Awakening His Freedom His Responsibility Conclusion Bibliography Acknowledgements 1. Introduction Ralph Waldo Ellison Ralph Waldo Ellison (March 1, 1914 – April 16, 1994) was an American novelist, literary critic, scholar and writer. He was born in Oklahoma City, after his 美國“黑人文學(xué)”對自我身份的探尋 —— 以拉爾夫埃利森《看不見的人》為例 third year, Ellison moved to New York City to study the visual arts. He made acquaintance with the author Richard Wright, with whom he would have a long and plicated relationship. After Ellison wrote a book review for Wright, Wright encouraged Ellison to pursue a career in writing, specifically fiction. The first published story written by Ellison was a short story entitled Hymie39。整部小說就是主人公，作為現(xiàn)代人的美國黑人，講述他自己如何探索、美國“黑人文學(xué)”對自我身份的探尋 —— 以拉爾夫埃利森《看不見的人》為例 尋找自我身份的生活歷程。 《看不見的人》 是一部黑人小說，同時也是一部典型的以身份危機作為主題的小說。 Identity。 each question probes deeper beneath the surface to explore the nuances and subtleties latent in the riddle。s Langston Hughes Medal. In 1985, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts. In 1986, his Going to the Territory was published. This is a collection of seventeen essays that included insight into s