【正文】 iousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2020 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 review revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party mittee, Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state ans Department The first party mittee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party anizations and Party members. Approved by the Centr。 follow the correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the party39。 The escape syntax provides a standard JDBC syntax for several of the more mon areas of SQL divergence. For example, there are escapes for date literals and for stored procedure calls. For plex applications, JDBC deals with SQL conformance in a third way. It provides descriptive information about the DBMS by means of the interface DatabaseMetaData so that applications can adapt to the requirements and capabilities of each DBMS. Typical end users need not worry about metadata, but experts may want to refer to the overview in ``DatabaseMetaData.39。39。39。39。 float f = getFloat(c)。39。這將允許從客戶機(jī)機(jī)器上直接調(diào)用 DBMS 服務(wù)器，是 Intra 訪問的一個(gè)很實(shí)用的解決方法。 JDBC 網(wǎng)絡(luò)純 Java 驅(qū)動(dòng)程序：這種驅(qū)動(dòng)程序?qū)?JDBC 轉(zhuǎn)換為與 DBMS 無關(guān)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議，之后這種協(xié)議又被某個(gè)服務(wù)器轉(zhuǎn)換為一種 DBMS 協(xié)議。隨著越來越多的數(shù)據(jù)庫提供者、 連接提供者、Inter 提供者和應(yīng)用程序編程員對(duì) JDBC API 的接受， JDBC 也正迅速成為 Java數(shù)據(jù)庫訪問的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！胺?JDBC 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) TM 代表用戶可依賴的 JDBC 功能的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)級(jí)別。事實(shí)上，應(yīng)用程序查詢甚至不一定要是SQL，或者說它可以是個(gè)為特定的 DBMS 設(shè)計(jì)的 SQL 的專用派生物（例如，文檔或圖象查）。 JDBC 對(duì)于從 Java 的中間層來訪問數(shù)據(jù)庫非常重要。 在三層模型中，命令先是被發(fā)送到服務(wù)的“中間層”，然后由它將 SQL 語句發(fā)送給數(shù)據(jù)庫。這并不是說 JDBC不 需要從其最初的版本再發(fā)展了；然而，我們覺得大部份的新功能應(yīng)歸入諸如前一節(jié)中所述的對(duì)象 /關(guān)系映射和嵌入式 SQL 這樣的高級(jí) API。它建立在 ODBC 上而不是從零開始。您可以將 JDBC 想象成被轉(zhuǎn)換為面向?qū)ο蠼涌诘?ODBC，而面向?qū)ο蟮慕涌趯?duì) Java 程序員來說較易于接收。在這樣一種程序的協(xié)助下，即使用戶根本不懂 SQL 的語法，也可以執(zhí)行數(shù)據(jù)庫任務(wù)。在這種“對(duì)象 /關(guān)系”映射中，表中的每行對(duì)應(yīng)于類的一個(gè)實(shí)例，而每列的值對(duì)應(yīng)于該實(shí)例的一個(gè)屬性。至少已經(jīng)有一個(gè)提供者計(jì)劃編寫它。 ResultSet rs = (SELECT a, b, c FROM Table1)。企業(yè)可繼續(xù)使用它們安裝好的數(shù)據(jù)庫，并能便捷地存取信息，即使這些信息是儲(chǔ)存在不同數(shù)據(jù)庫管理系統(tǒng)上。 Java 具有堅(jiān)固、安全、易于使用、易于理解和可從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上自動(dòng)下載等特性 ，是編寫數(shù)據(jù)庫應(yīng)用程序的杰出語言。 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) ( 論文 ) 外 文 翻譯（附外文 原文 ） 系 ( 院 )： 電子與計(jì)算機(jī)系 課題名稱 ： 電信運(yùn)營計(jì)費(fèi)系統(tǒng) —— 數(shù)據(jù)整合系統(tǒng) 專業(yè) (方向 )： 通信工程 班 級(jí)： 通信工程 051 班 學(xué) 生： 黃瑞文 指導(dǎo)教師 ： 楊曉斐 整理日期 ： 2020年 5 月 翻譯： ? 什么是 JDBCTM JDBCTM 是一種用于執(zhí)行 SQL 語句的 JavaTM API（有意思的是， JDBC 本身是個(gè)商標(biāo)名而不是一個(gè)縮寫字；然而， JDBC常被認(rèn)為是代表“ Java 數(shù)據(jù)庫連接 (Java Database Connectivity)”）。將 Java 和 JDBC 結(jié)合起來將使程序員只須寫一遍程序就可讓它在任何平臺(tái)上運(yùn)行。 MIS 管理員們都喜歡 Java 和 JDBC 的結(jié)合，因?yàn)樗剐畔鞑プ兊萌菀缀徒?jīng)濟(jì)。 Statement stmt = ()。在編寫本文時(shí)，正在開發(fā)兩種基于 JDBC 的高級(jí) API： ? 一種用于 Java 的嵌入式 SQL。 JavaSoft 和其它提供者都聲稱要實(shí)現(xiàn)該 API。所需信息輸入后，應(yīng)用程序?qū)⒆詣?dòng)調(diào)用所需的 SQL 命令。例如， Java 沒有指針，而 ODBC 卻對(duì)指針用得很廣泛（包括很容易出錯(cuò)的指針 void *）。 總之， JDBC API 對(duì)于基本的 SQL 抽象和概念是一種自然的 Java 接口。它們最多也就是在 ODBC 上加了一種裝飾而已。網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以是 Intra（它可將公司職員連接起來），也可以是 Inter。這將是一個(gè)很大的進(jìn)步，它使人們可以充分利用 Java 的諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn)（如堅(jiān)固、多線程和安全等特征）。這意味著應(yīng)用程序可以使用任意多的 SQL 功能，但它必須冒這樣的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：有可能在某些 DBMS 上出錯(cuò)。 由于 JDBC API 將用作開發(fā)高級(jí)數(shù)據(jù)庫訪問工具和 API 的基礎(chǔ) API，因此它還必須注意其所有上層建筑的一致性。但這種一致性定義的確可對(duì) JDBC 實(shí)現(xiàn)提供一定的可信度。注意，象橋驅(qū)動(dòng)程序一樣，這種類型的驅(qū)動(dòng)程序要求將某些二進(jìn)制代碼加載到每臺(tái)客戶。 本地協(xié)議純 Java 驅(qū)動(dòng)程序：這種類型的驅(qū)動(dòng)程序?qū)? JDBC 調(diào)用直接轉(zhuǎn)換為 DBMS 所使用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議。 nevertheless, JDBC is often thought of as standing for ``Java Database Connectivity39。 String s = getString(b)。 using a more understandable or more convenient API that is translated behind the scenes into a lowlevel interface such as JDBC. At the time of this writing, two kinds of higherlevel APIs are under development on top of JDBC: ? an embedded SQL for Java. At least one vendor plans to build this. DBMSs implement SQL, a language designed specifically for use with databases. JDBC requires that the SQL statements be passed as strings to Java methods. An embedded SQL preprocessor allows a programmer to instead mix SQL statements directly with Java: for example, a Java variable can be used in an SQL statement to receive or provide SQL values. The embedded SQL preprocessor then translates this Java/SQL mix into Java with JDBC calls. ? a direct mapping of relational database tables to Java classes. JavaSoft and others have announced plans to implement this. In this ``object/relational39。 There are several answers to this question: ? ODBC is not appropriate for direct use from Java because it uses a C interface. Calls from Java to native C code have a number of drawbacks in the security, implementation, robustness, and automatic portability of applications. ? A literal translation of the ODBC C API into a Java API would not be desirable. For example, Java has no pointers, and ODBC makes copious use of them, including the notoriously errorprone generic pointer ``void *39。 in Appendix B. However, we feel that most new functionality belongs in higherlevel APIs such as the object/relational mappings and embedded SQL we mentioned earlier in ``JDBC Is a Lowlevel API and a Base for Higherlevel APIs.39。39。 the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. code and Regulations revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest p