物流管理專業(yè)外語知識(存儲版)
【正文】 aesthetic（ , 審美的 , 有審美感的） quality. They are built to serve people in undertaking their economic, social, and cultural activities. ? Although in some culture, demand for transportation is considered as one of four necessities of human being: clothing, food, shelter, and transportation, in the jargon（ ） of the economist, the demand for transportation is derived, or indirect, meaning that people do not normally travel or move their possessions for the sake of movement but to fulfill certain needs, for example, to go to school, to work, to shop, or to visit friends. By the same token , workers do not place themselves in the middle of the morning and evening rush hours because they enjoy traffic congestion but because their work schedules require it. ? 交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)立既不是工程創(chuàng)造的單純的表達(dá)式，也不是唯美的紀(jì)念碑。 ? In this book, flow entities are considered only in terms of their generic characteristics (such as size, weight, and acceleration and deceleration capabilities) rather than in terms of their specific technological design, which is normally undertaken by mechanical and electrical engineers. ? 在本書中，流動實(shí)體只是從他們的一般特點(diǎn)（諸如大小，重量、加速度和減速性能），而不是根據(jù)它們通常由機(jī)械和電氣工程師來承擔(dān)的特別的技術(shù)設(shè)計來考慮的。 ? This definition identifies the functional ponents of a transportation system (the fixed facilities, the flowentities, and the control system) and encapsulates the fact that transportation provides the connectivity that facilitates other societal interactions. ? 此定義明確了交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的功能組成部分（固定設(shè)施、流動實(shí)體和控制系統(tǒng)），并概述了交通運(yùn)輸提供的促進(jìn)其他社會相互影響的（作用）。第二個量度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是必須提出的用于滿足需要和愿望的工作量。 ? Geographic specialization ? 區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化 ? Geographic specialization is similar in principle to economies of scale. Geographic specialization capitalized on the fact that one region has an advantage over other areas for some reasons. One area may have more favorable climatic condition, different natural resources, and more efficient human resources and so on. Therefore, the area that is best situated should be the source of production. Again, the availability of efficient transportation is necessary to capitalize on these advantages. If an efficient transportation system is available, then each location can produce those products for which it is geographically suitable in large quantity, and the total production cost would be much lower. ? 區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化與規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)的原理相似。固定成本可以分?jǐn)偟礁鄦卧ǖ漠a(chǎn)品上），專業(yè)設(shè)備得以采用，（生產(chǎn)）作業(yè)可以程序化生產(chǎn)。 ? The benefits of specialization can be gained through either economies of scale or geographic specialization. Economies of scale are realized when a large volume of the same type of modity is produced in one location at one time. Geographic specialization involves using particular region to produce specific products. ? 專業(yè)化可以通過規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)或者區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化這兩者之一（為我們）帶來好處。他們努力用較少的時間和精力得到更好的生活水平和生活方式。 ? The earliest form of transportation was the movement of people. People move to search food and a favorable climate. The American Indians migrated from Asia into North America through the Bering Straits and Alaska is an example. Gradually, the emphasis shifted from the movement of people to the movement of goods.
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