關(guān)系行為機(jī)制模型研究(發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)-中國科學(xué)院研究生(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 ，技術(shù)密集投入，提高單位土地面積生產(chǎn)力水平，為大面積退化土地休生養(yǎng)息恢復(fù)生態(tài)、實(shí)現(xiàn)區(qū)域可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供條件保護(hù)環(huán)境與發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)的關(guān)系發(fā)展中國家的農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境政策? 解決土地退化問題的農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境政策應(yīng)當(dāng)結(jié)合發(fā)展可持續(xù)集約農(nóng)業(yè)來展開? 發(fā)展可持續(xù)集約農(nóng)業(yè)的關(guān)鍵是技術(shù)進(jìn)步，開發(fā)實(shí)用適用技術(shù)– 實(shí)用：實(shí)際農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)中可應(yīng)用的技術(shù)– 適用：適合當(dāng)?shù)貤l件適合當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)戶采用的技術(shù)? 發(fā)展集約化（技術(shù)進(jìn)步和技術(shù)推廣）的政策補(bǔ)貼可作為環(huán)境保護(hù)投資進(jìn)入環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)核算人地關(guān)系行為機(jī)制模型框架：社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素影響人地關(guān)系變化的機(jī)制? 影響人地關(guān)系和環(huán)境生態(tài)變化的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素– 人口增長(zhǎng)– 市場(chǎng)和價(jià)格變動(dòng)– 技術(shù)進(jìn)步– 制度和政策– 收入和消費(fèi)期望? 單一或綜合的因果關(guān)系分析不能闡明社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素影響人地關(guān)系變化的機(jī)制ResourceEnvironmentLand UseAgriculturalActivityInstitutionPolicyTechnologyMarketPriceResource ConstraintImpact onEnvironmentPopulationgrowth外部社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境與人地關(guān)系變化Literature review? Farm household decisions on land use activities and technological choice affect the soil quality and therefore play an important role in aggravating or reducing land degradation process. ? Farm household decisions are dependent on relative prices of output, input and production factors, and other socioeconomic circumstances that are influenced by macroeconomic and agricultural policy. ? Agricultural policies affect soil degradation by influencing the level of output, input and factor prices (Heerink, 2023).社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì) 因素 影響環(huán)境變化的機(jī)制? 政策和制度 —— 外部社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境 —— 農(nóng)戶經(jīng)濟(jì)行為 —— 資源環(huán)境變化? 反饋：資源環(huán)境變化 —— 農(nóng)戶經(jīng)濟(jì)行為（資源環(huán)境退化對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)福利的影響，現(xiàn)在價(jià)值與將來價(jià)值的關(guān)系） ? 外部社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境變化：價(jià)格變動(dòng)，技術(shù)進(jìn)步，資金和信用約束? 政策和制度：經(jīng)濟(jì)政策和環(huán)境政策，資源分配和資源利用秩序Conceptual frameworkPolicy reform Socioeconomic environment Household decision Land degradationMacro and Regional ModelsHousehold and Village ModelsBioeconomic ModelsBioeconomic household ModelBioeconomic village Model approach? Econometric estimation approach:– Lack of consistent data, especially long time series data about effect of soil degradation。 millet in terrace and slope field for staple food。Farming input (11)。– Difficult to derive function form of the reducedform equation. ? Meta modeling (Decision rule) approach: – Estimate a statistical relationship between exogenous and relevant endogenous variables。 rapeseed, sunflower in terrace and slope field for mercial use。labor allocation constraints (10): family labor (3), hiring labor (7)– Balance (25):Nutrition and human demand (10)。 refer to a blackbox representation of relationship between exogenous and endogenous variables。 potato and beans for selfconsumption.? Field type is most important factor affecting yield.? Level of input and technological choice of various crops correspond to field types.? Soil erosion modulus differ between field types and various crops.Farm economy ? Smallholders: farm households(12) and parttime households(9).? Farm households earn ine from croplivest
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