【正文】 所需支持 – What level of the anization 組織結構中的哪一層次 ? Change 改變 – According to needs 根據(jù)需要 ? Roles 角色 – Define roles/responsibilities – 確定角色 /責任 19 D1 Form The Team建立團隊 CAUTIONS注意 ! ! ! ? Ensure crossfunctional team members 確保有多個功能部門的團隊成員 ? Include process owners (those who do the work) 要包括過程當事人 (實際作這項工作的人員 ) ? Include champion and leader as roadblock removers 要包括團隊負責人和團隊組長作為路障排除人 Team Synergy 團隊協(xié)作 One of the main reasons for forming a team at step D1 is to gain synergy 在 D1階段成立團隊的主要原因之一在于開展團隊協(xié)作 Synergy occurs when the whole of a team‘s output is greater than the sum of its inputs 當團隊的輸出大于其輸入時，意味著團隊協(xié)作發(fā)生作用了 Synergistic teams can outperform petitors who may be more skilled or have better or more resources 一個相互協(xié)作的團隊可以遠勝于一個技能更高或資源更多更好的競爭對手 21 8 Disciplines of Problem Solving 解決問題的 8項紀律 D2 Describe the Issue描述問題 22 D2 – ―Describe the Problem‖ D2 描述問題 ? D2 drives the rest of the 8D process, because establishing a clear problem statement and an objective problem description during D2 leads to effective problem solving. ? D2驅動 8D的其他步驟，因為在 D2中需要把問題陳述清楚并擬定清晰的目標，這樣才能使團隊能夠迅速有效的解決問題。 ‘ 不是 ’ 的信息幫助你縮小研究的范圍。目標為 3% 。導致輪盤在總成內被壓跨，繼爾導致 2 0 % 次品率。 zero defects allowed 測試特性 X, 必須為零缺陷 57 D6 Verification of Corrective Actions 糾正措施驗證 ? VERIFICATION METHODS 驗證方法 – Track overtime in area ―Y‖ for the next 3 months。 39 Why Develop an Interim Containment Action (ICA)? 為什么制定臨時解決方案 There are four steps to developing an ICA: 這里有擬定臨時解決方案的四個步驟： 1. Select the ICA. 選擇 ICA 2. Verify the ICA. 核實 ICA 3. Implement the ICA. 執(zhí)行 ICA 4. Validate the ICA. 確認 ICA 40 D3 Containment Action(s) 臨時控制措施 CAUTIONS注意 ! ! ! ? Ensure customer protection 確保保護客戶的利益 ? Determine and document criteria for begin / exit containment actions 確定并紀錄控制措施開始 /完成的標準 ? Communicate to key process owners 和主要過程當事人作好溝通 41 8 Disciplines of Problem Solving 解決問題的 8項紀律 D4 Find and Verify Root Cause查找并確定根本原因 42 D4 Find and Verify Root Cause查找并確定根本原因 ? Brainstorm for Potential Causes 集思廣益查找潛在原因 – Free Wheeling 言所預言 ? Use Flip Charts用白板紙 – Round Robin輪流發(fā)言 – Sticky Notes便簽紙 43 D4 Find and Verify Root Cause 查找并確定根本原因 ? Brainstorming rules 集思廣益的規(guī)則 – Avoid Criticism 避免批評 – Wele Exaggeration 歡迎夸張 ? Wilder / Better 越夸張 /越好 – Solicit Quantity 講求數(shù)量 ? As Many As Possible越多越好 – Encourage Building on Other Ideas 鼓勵在別的想法上擴展 – Stimulate Participation 刺激參與 – Record All Ideas 記錄所有的建議 – Discussion Comes Later 事后再進行討論 44 D4 Find and Verify Root Cause 查找并確定根本原因 ? Consider 考慮 – What was happening 發(fā)生了什么事 – What was ―normal‖ 正常應是怎樣 – What changed 什么發(fā)生了變化 – What started 什么開始了 – What stopped什么停止了 ? VERIFY 確定 – Can the problem be turned ―on‖ and ―off‖ 問題是否可“?！保伞帮@” ? 45 D4 Find and Verify Root Cause查找并確定根本原因 ? Tools To Use 可用工具 – Five Why’s 五個為什么 – Fishbone / Cause Effect 魚骨法 /因果法 – Data Analysis數(shù)據(jù)分析 – Scatter Diagram散布圖 – Design of Experiment Tools 試驗工具設計 46 D4 Root Cause 根本原因 CAUTIONS 注意 ! ! ! ? Don’t jump to conclusions 不要跳至結論 ? Do not stop the 8D process because Containment Actions have reduced the pain 不要因為臨時控制措施緩解了疼痛而停止 8D程序 ? Don’t react only to the symptoms go to the cause 不要僅針對癥狀進行反應 , 要針對原因 47 8 Disciplines of Problem Solving 解決問題的 8項紀律 D5 Select the Best Solution選擇最佳解決方案 48 D5 Select Best Solution 選擇最佳解決方案 ? EVALUATE based on 根據(jù)以下幾點來進行評估 – Effect on the problem 對問題的影響 – Practicality 實用性 – Cost 成本 – Acceptance 可接受性 – Time to implement / utilize 實施 /運用的時間 49 D5 Select Best Solution 選擇最佳解決方案 ? IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 實施計劃 – What is required 需要什么 – Who is responsible for what 誰負責什么 – Establish target dates 確定目標日期 – Involve affected parties 相關部門參與 – Obtain management support 取得管理層的支持 – Document Changes 對變化進行記錄 – Anticipate unwanted effects