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r creativity and innovation. 9 Examine Issues from the Customers’ Perspective ? To do this, the analyst should ask: – What do customers (and noncustomers) believe about us as a pany? – What do customers (and noncustomers) think of our product quality, customer service, price, overall value, convenience, and promotional messages in parison to our petitors? – What is the relative importance of these issues as customers see them? ? Taking the customers’ perspective is the cornerstone of a well done SWOT analysis. 10 Breaking Down Managerial Clich233。 Human Resources Advantages Organizational Advantages s into CustomerOriented Strengths and Weaknesses Exhibit 11 Look for Causes, Not Characteristics ? Causes for each issue in a SWOT analysis can often be found in the firm’s and petitors’ resources. ? Major types of resources: Financial Organizational Intellectual Informational Legal Relational Human Reputational 12 Separate Internal from External Issues ? Failure to understand the difference between internal and external issues is one of the major reasons for a poorly conducted SWOT analysis. ? Socratic Advice: – “Know thyself” – “Know thy customer” – “Know thy petitors” – “Know thy environment” 13 The Elements of a SWOT Analysis ? Strengths and Weaknesses – Scale and Cost Economies – Size and Financial Resources – Intellectual, Legal and Reputational Resources ? Opportunities and Threats – Trends in the Competitive Environment – Trends in the Technological Environment – Trends in the Sociocultural Environment 14 SWOTDriven Strategic Planning ? Four issues the marketing manager must recognize: 1. The assessment of strengths and weakness should look beyond products and resources to examine processes that