基于sg3525設(shè)計(jì)單相正弦波spwm逆變電源外文翻譯(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 m most mains supplies throughout the world, with rated frequencies from 50 Hz to 60 Hz and voltages from 100 V to 240 V (although a manual voltage range switch may be required). In practice they will operate from a much wider frequency range and often from a DC supply as well. In 2006, at an Intel Developers Forum, Google engineers proposed the use of a single 12 V supply inside PCs, due to the high efficiency of switch mode supplies directly on the PCB.Most modern desktop and laptop puters already have a DCDC converter on the motherboard, to step down the voltage from the PSU or the battery to the CPU core voltage, as low as V for a low voltage CPU to V for a desktop CPU as of 2007. Most laptop puters also have a DCAC inverter to step up the voltage from the battery to drive the backlight, typically around 1000 Vrms.Certain applications, such as in automobile industry where ordinary cars often use 12 V DC and in some industrial settings, DC supply is chosen to avoid hum and interference and ease the integration of capacitors and batteries used to buffer the voltage. Most small aircraft use 28 V DC, but larger aircraft like Boeing747 often use up to 90 kVA 3phase at 200 V AC 400 Hz, though they often have a DC bus as well. Even fighter planes like F16 use 400 Hz power. The MD81 airplane has an 115/200 V 400 Hz AC and 28 V DC power system generated by three 40 kVA AC generators. Helicopters also use the 28 V DC system. Some submarines like the Soviet Alfa class submarine utilized two synchronous generators providing a variable threephase current, 2 x 1500 kW, 400 V, 400 Hz. The space shuttle uses three fuel cells generating 30 36 V DC. Some is converted into 400 Hz AC power and 28 V DC power. The International Space Station uses 120 V DC power. Larger trucks uses 24 V DC.See also: Avionics, Airplane ground supportIn the case of TV sets, for example, one can test the excellent regulation of the power supply by using a variac. For example, in some models made by Philips, the power supply starts when the voltage reaches around 90 volts. From there, one can change the voltage with the variac, and go as low as 40 volts and as high as 260 (known such case that voltage was 360), and the image will show absolutely no alterations.TerminologyThe term switchmode was widely used until Motorola trademarked SWITCHMODE(TM), for products aimed at the switchingmode power supply market, and started to enforce their trademark. 外文翻譯開關(guān)模式電源開關(guān)模式電源（也開關(guān)式電源，開關(guān)電源，或只是交換機(jī)）是一種電子電源供應(yīng)器（電源），包含了開關(guān)穩(wěn)壓器。 有關(guān)術(shù)語的說明雖然“電源一詞”開始出現(xiàn)于無線電的供電線路/主干線，這并不意味著它是力量的源泉，而是作為一個(gè)電池提供電源。目前從電源的這一整流電路中出現(xiàn)的短脈沖交流電壓峰值來看。 如果開關(guān)電源在輸入范圍內(nèi)使用，整流器階段通常配置一個(gè)電壓補(bǔ)償作業(yè)時(shí)的低電壓（~120VAC）范圍和作為直整流作業(yè)時(shí)的高電壓（~240VAC）的范圍。因?yàn)橹挥凶詈笠粋€(gè)階段有一個(gè)大的占空比，可在前幾個(gè)階段實(shí)施雙極晶體管導(dǎo)致大致相同的效率。輸出電壓為10伏或10V以上的話，常用普通硅二極管。這種類型的電源包括升壓轉(zhuǎn)換器，降壓轉(zhuǎn)換器，以及所謂的升壓轉(zhuǎn)換器。其他類型的開關(guān)模式電源是使用電容二極管電壓倍增而不是電感器和變壓器。 開環(huán)監(jiān)管沒有反饋電路。首先低頻變壓器傳輸能量通常通過其核心（軟鐵） ，而（通常鐵氧體）核心的高頻變壓器限制泄漏。 在2001年歐洲聯(lián)盟實(shí)施的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)IEC/EN6100032設(shè)限的諧波的交流輸入電流諧波的第40次以上的設(shè)備75美國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的定義四類設(shè)備根據(jù)其類型和電流波形。較高開關(guān)頻率允許元件尺寸縮小，但遭受的射頻（ RF ）性能另一方面。大多數(shù)小飛機(jī)使用28伏直流電，但大型飛機(jī)像波音747通常使用了90千伏安3相200 V交流400赫茲，但他們往往有一個(gè)直流母線以及。大卡車使用24伏直流電。11。有些被轉(zhuǎn)換成400赫茲交流電源和28 V直流電源。大多數(shù)筆記本電腦也有一架DC AC變換器加緊電壓由電池來驅(qū)動(dòng)背光，通常約1000 Vrms 。的能量轉(zhuǎn)換器輸出，并切換開啟和關(guān)閉發(fā)生在零電流和電壓，導(dǎo)致基本上無損開關(guān)。這造成額外的負(fù)荷效用線，增加暖氣的實(shí)用變壓器和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)交流電動(dòng)機(jī)，并可能引起的穩(wěn)定性問題在一些應(yīng)用，如在應(yīng)急發(fā)電機(jī)系統(tǒng)或飛機(jī)的發(fā)電機(jī)。大部分的線性電源成本節(jié)省（又節(jié)省空間）在來自這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即高頻變壓器使用的頻率是遠(yuǎn)小于50/60赫茲。根據(jù)安全設(shè)計(jì)的要求，控制器可能不會(huì)只包含一個(gè)孤立的隔離機(jī)制（如光耦合器）直流輸出。這一類的轉(zhuǎn)換器有許多的變化和擴(kuò)展，但是這三種形式都是基于幾乎所有的隔離和非隔離式DC直流轉(zhuǎn)換器。對(duì)于更高的開關(guān)頻率，較低的電容和電感元件是必要的。這種轉(zhuǎn)換的電壓上升或下降到所需的輸出電平可在其二次繞組。開關(guān)是實(shí)施一個(gè)多倍放大能力（以實(shí)現(xiàn)高增益）的MOSFET。然而，這種類型的使用可能有害整流階段，因?yàn)樗荒芾枚O管整流的滿負(fù)荷的一半。這是一個(gè)較大的特點(diǎn)，這類產(chǎn)品允許用電范圍從120V到240V。其他優(yōu)勢(shì)包括更小的尺寸和較輕的重量（從消除低頻變壓器具有高體重）和低熱量的產(chǎn)生，還有更高的效率。 pared to Schottky diodes, these have even lower conducting state voltage drops. The rectified output is then smoothed by a filter consisting of inductors and capacitors. For higher switching frequencies, ponents with lower capacitance and inductance are needed. Simpler, nonisolate
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