【正文】 ns in litigation. Thirdly, banks should also prepare themselves for the results of reconciliation or failure.Bankruptcy/liquidation is an effective plement to outofurt approaches, and serves as a last stage of debt collection, providing creditors with control over debtors in financial distress and prompting their restructuring. For this reason, many countries (transition economies) have developed and are seeking to expand the use of formal bankruptcy to broaden the array of dispute resolution mechanisms, provide banks with long needed recourse, and instill greater financial discipline on enterprises.8. Exercise of CollateralWhen a debt matures or is going to mature and the debtor has encountered serious operation difficulties, the debtor cannot repay the loan in cash and the guarantor cannot repay the loan in cash either. Maybe after negotiation, the two parties (the bank and the borrower) or three parties (the bank, the borrower and the guarantor) can reach a consensus. In line with the consensus or the ruling by the court, the debtor or the guarantor can make inkind repayment of debts, which is one of the important means to dispose of nonperforming loans.9. Writingoff Bad LoansIn accordance with relevant state rules and regulation, if the principal of a loan is identified as unrecoverable, the bad loan can be written off. Writingoff of bad loans is the internal activity of a bank. So the bank still enjoys the recourse right and should continue to demand the repayment of the fund.10. ConclusionWere analyzed by the nonperforming loans management recycling. Bad credit risk management, there are still many problems to be solved, how the lending business in the international financial place needs to be further research and continue to explore. In short, the management of nonperforming loans of China39。關(guān)鍵詞： 不良貸款 管理 回收一、前言在五級貸款分類法理論中，次級、可疑和損失類貸款被看做是不良貸款。 （此外，政府有時也會出面領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一項重組，幫助銀行解決不良貸款的問題，以維持銀行業(yè)的穩(wěn)定或整個經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定。貸款協(xié)議的改變是為了使借款人能更好地履行合同。貸款展期通常涉及以下兩方面的技術(shù)問題：企業(yè)在按期償還利息的前提下，在到期前或到期日對本金展期；在到期前或到期日對本金展期，并將利息轉(zhuǎn)化為本金（這稱做利息資本化）。 債轉(zhuǎn)股基本上屬于風(fēng)險資本運(yùn)營，大約只有1/10的案例是成功的。然而，這種方法在經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型國家并不常見，這是由于這些國家二級市場不發(fā)達(dá)。 七、法庭強(qiáng)制破產(chǎn)／清算 借助司法程序回收貸款是最后一道防線。正是由于這個原因，很多國家（尤其是轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟(jì)國家）采用了這種方法，它們也在努力通過正常破產(chǎn)來拓寬解決問題的機(jī)制，為銀行提供更多需要的資源，并對企業(yè)實(shí)施更嚴(yán)格的財務(wù)規(guī)定。總之，不良貸款管理對中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展做出了重大貢獻(xiàn)，但其在自身制度上還存在種種缺陷，外部的競爭環(huán)境個人貸款的發(fā)展還存在許多不利，這就需要國家在充分認(rèn)識到個人住房貸款的重要作用的基礎(chǔ)上，為銀行內(nèi)部自身管理與對外部風(fēng)險管理合理規(guī)劃，才能持續(xù)不斷的發(fā)展。 Witter, H. (2003). Using social capital to create politicalcapital. In The mons in the New Millennium: Challenges andadaptation (pp. 291–334). Cambridge and London: MIT Press. 11 。十、結(jié)論本文對個不良貸款管理回收進(jìn)行了分析研究。再次，銀行還要充分做好和解或訴訟失敗的準(zhǔn)備。在此過程中，資產(chǎn)管理機(jī)構(gòu)的參與對資產(chǎn)證券化尤為重要，因為資產(chǎn)管理機(jī)構(gòu)在增加不良資產(chǎn)評級方面有非常專業(yè)的經(jīng)驗。對損失不斷增加的企業(yè)追加投資會增加銀行未來的流動性風(fēng)險，對這些企業(yè)在貸款上的支持會增加銀行股東和存款人的風(fēng)險。將不良資產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換成股權(quán)，銀行可以加強(qiáng)對企業(yè)管理層在借債方面的控制和監(jiān)督。債轉(zhuǎn)股在轉(zhuǎn)型經(jīng)濟(jì)國家非常常見，例如中國、東歐國家和前蘇聯(lián)。按合同的約定償還貸款的時候。對絕大多數(shù)銀行來說，這一因素限制了銀行的清償力和流動性。我國個人住房貸款業(yè)務(wù)在其發(fā)展的同時，存在的不良信貸風(fēng)險問題以及競爭形勢不容樂觀，在一定程度上阻礙了個人住房貸款業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展，要持續(xù)快速發(fā)展，必須加強(qiáng)對一系列問題的研究管理。 default risks, prepayment risks, etc. are also emphasized to evaluate the risk profile of nonperforming loans.7. Incourt Bankruptcy / Liquidation ProceedingsResorting to legal procedures to collect the repayment of nonperforming loans is the last defense line. In practice, banks should grasp the timing of litigation. Because blind lawsuits will involve banks39。? Concentrated focus on the recovery of problem loans。畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯題 目 學(xué) 院 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院 專 業(yè) 金融學(xué) 班 級 金融0801 學(xué) 生 學(xué) 號 20082207166 指導(dǎo)教師 二〇一二年四月二十日 濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯Applied Economics, the Dryden Press, 2006 P7578.Nonperforming Loans Management and RecoveryWilliam J. Bauman and Alan S. Blinder AbstractWith the deepening of China39。s problem loans, effectively sectioning off nonperforming loans from the broader bank portfolio of performing loans. The benefits expected from workout units include。 risks are minimized th