【正文】 ns in litigation. Thirdly, banks should also prepare themselves for the results of reconciliation or failure.Bankruptcy/liquidation is an effective plement to outofurt approaches, and serves as a last stage of debt collection, providing creditors with control over debtors in financial distress and prompting their restructuring. For this reason, many countries (transition economies) have developed and are seeking to expand the use of formal bankruptcy to broaden the array of dispute resolution mechanisms, provide banks with long needed recourse, and instill greater financial discipline on enterprises.8. Exercise of CollateralWhen a debt matures or is going to mature and the debtor has encountered serious operation difficulties, the debtor cannot repay the loan in cash and the guarantor cannot repay the loan in cash either. Maybe after negotiation, the two parties (the bank and the borrower) or three parties (the bank, the borrower and the guarantor) can reach a consensus. In line with the consensus or the ruling by the court, the debtor or the guarantor can make inkind repayment of debts, which is one of the important means to dispose of nonperforming loans.9. Writingoff Bad LoansIn accordance with relevant state rules and regulation, if the principal of a loan is identified as unrecoverable, the bad loan can be written off. Writingoff of bad loans is the internal activity of a bank. So the bank still enjoys the recourse right and should continue to demand the repayment of the fund.10. ConclusionWere analyzed by the nonperforming loans management recycling. Bad credit risk management, there are still many problems to be solved, how the lending business in the international financial place needs to be further research and continue to explore. In short, the management of nonperforming loans of China39。關鍵詞： 不良貸款 管理 回收一、前言在五級貸款分類法理論中，次級、可疑和損失類貸款被看做是不良貸款。 （此外，政府有時也會出面領導一項重組，幫助銀行解決不良貸款的問題，以維持銀行業(yè)的穩(wěn)定或整個經濟的穩(wěn)定。貸款協(xié)議的改變是為了使借款人能更好地履行合同。貸款展期通常涉及以下兩方面的技術問題：企業(yè)在按期償還利息的前提下，在到期前或到期日對本金展期；在到期前或到期日對本金展期，并將利息轉化為本金（這稱做利息資本化）。 債轉股基本上屬于風險資本運營，大約只有1/10的案例是成功的。然而，這種方法在經濟轉型國家并不常見，這是由于這些國家二級市場不發(fā)達。 七、法庭強制破產／清算 借助司法程序回收貸款是最后一道防線。正是由于這個原因，很多國家（尤其是轉型經濟國家）采用了這種方法，它們也在努力通過正常破產來拓寬解決問題的機制，為銀行提供更多需要的資源，并對企業(yè)實施更嚴格的財務規(guī)定?？傊?，不良貸款管理對中國經濟的發(fā)展做出了重大貢獻，但其在自身制度上還存在種種缺陷，外部的競爭環(huán)境個人貸款的發(fā)展還存在許多不利，這就需要國家在充分認識到個人住房貸款的重要作用的基礎上，為銀行內部自身管理與對外部風險管理合理規(guī)劃，才能持續(xù)不斷的發(fā)展。 Witter, H. (2003). Using social capital to create politicalcapital. In The mons in the New Millennium: Challenges andadaptation (pp. 291–334). Cambridge and London: MIT Press. 11 。十、結論本文對個不良貸款管理回收進行了分析研究。再次，銀行還要充分做好和解或訴訟失敗的準備。在此過程中，資產管理機構的參與對資產證券化尤為重要，因為資產管理機構在增加不良資產評級方面有非常專業(yè)的經驗。對損失不斷增加的企業(yè)追加投資會增加銀行未來的流動性風險，對這些企業(yè)在貸款上的支持會增加銀行股東和存款人的風險。將不良資產轉換成股權，銀行可以加強對企業(yè)管理層在借債方面的控制和監(jiān)督。債轉股在轉型經濟國家非常常見，例如中國、東歐國家和前蘇聯(lián)。按合同的約定償還貸款的時候。對絕大多數(shù)銀行來說，這一因素限制了銀行的清償力和流動性。我國個人住房貸款業(yè)務在其發(fā)展的同時，存在的不良信貸風險問題以及競爭形勢不容樂觀，在一定程度上阻礙了個人住房貸款業(yè)務的發(fā)展，要持續(xù)快速發(fā)展，必須加強對一系列問題的研究管理。 default risks, prepayment risks, etc. are also emphasized to evaluate the risk profile of nonperforming loans.7. Incourt Bankruptcy / Liquidation ProceedingsResorting to legal procedures to collect the repayment of nonperforming loans is the last defense line. In practice, banks should grasp the timing of litigation. Because blind lawsuits will involve banks39。? Concentrated focus on the recovery of problem loans。畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯題 目 學 院 經濟學院 專 業(yè) 金融學 班 級 金融0801 學 生 學 號 20082207166 指導教師 二〇一二年四月二十日 濟南大學畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯Applied Economics, the Dryden Press, 2006 P7578.Nonperforming Loans Management and RecoveryWilliam J. Bauman and Alan S. Blinder AbstractWith the deepening of China39。s problem loans, effectively sectioning off nonperforming loans from the broader bank portfolio of performing loans. The benefits expected from workout units include。 risks are minimized th