【正文】
anghai上海,Britain英國,Edgar Snow埃德加)b)某些機(jī)關(guān)團(tuán)體等組織名稱前:the National People39。5)在姓名復(fù)數(shù)形式前,指一家人。China is rich in oil. 中國石油豐富。不用冠詞的場合1)專有名詞、抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前,一般不用冠詞。Winter is the best time for 。t approve of cousins 。What did you have for supper?你晚飯吃什么了?[注]但指一特定的餐食時(shí)則須用定冠詞,如Come on, or the dinner will be getting cold.(快來,要不飯就涼了)。s Day兒童節(jié)Christmas Day圣誕節(jié)10)報(bào)紙和文章的標(biāo)題常常省去冠詞。史密斯。s某人的,one39。、你、他、我們、你們、他們等的詞,叫做人稱代詞。s me (him,her等)。b)用she來代替國家、城市、船舶、飛機(jī)以及動(dòng)物等,以表示親切和愛撫。如:They say there39。b)用作賓語:I didn39。(作help的賓語)The girl is too young to look after ,還不能照顧自己。相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。s mistakes in their 。如:This is a plane,這是一架飛機(jī)。2)有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過的事物,this和these則指下面將要講到的事物。如:The climate of shenyang is just as good as that of Beijing. 沈陽的氣候跟北京的一樣好。It指人時(shí)亦用作指示代詞。We are not talking about the same 。疑問代詞概說疑問代詞有who(誰,主格),whom(誰,賓格),whose(誰的,所有格),what(什么)和which(哪個(gè),哪些)等。(疑問代詞who引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句,它本身又在從句中用作主語。)[注二] whatever,whoever,whichever等詞可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。)關(guān)系代詞兩種可用來引導(dǎo)從句并將從句和主句連接起來的代詞這樣的代詞一方面在從句中用作句子成分,可作主語、賓語、定語等;另一方面又起連詞的作用。(關(guān)系代詞which在從句中用作賓語,先行詞為film, which在口語中可省略)This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the 。s all for today. class is 。(同位語)They all went to the 。t anything to say. (或I have nothing to say.)(或Yes, I have something to say.) 關(guān)于這個(gè)問題,你有什么話要講嗎?我沒有什么話要講。2)數(shù)詞與不定代詞相似,其用法或者相當(dāng)于形容詞,或者相當(dāng)于名詞。100以上的基本的基數(shù)詞100 hundred [5hQndrid]1,000 thousand [5WauzEnd]1,000,000 million [5niljEn]百萬100,000,000 hundred million 一億1,000 million (=billion)十億499 four hundred and ninetynine(101999如此構(gòu)成)3,876 three thousand eight hundred and seventysix (10019999皆如此構(gòu)成)57,453 fiftyseven thousand four hundred and fiftythree(1000199999)皆如此構(gòu)成)768, 921 seven hundred sixtyeight thousand nine hundred and twentyone8,641, 457 eight million six hundred fortyone thousand four hundred and fiftyseven50, 000, 000 fifty million500, 000, 000 five hundred million5, 000, 000, 000 five thousand million(或five billion)50, 000, 000, 000 fifty thousand million (或fifty billion)說明:1)100和100以上的基數(shù)詞須用hundred,thousand,million, billion等。My uncle bought two hand tractors 。序數(shù)詞1-99的基本的序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞 縮寫式 漢譯first [fE:st] lst 第一second [5sekEnd] 2nd 第 二third [We:d] 3rd 第三fouth [fC:W] 4th 第四fifth[fifW] 5th 第五sixth[siksW] 6th 第六seventh[5sevenW] 7th 第七eighth[eitW] 8th 第八ninth[nainW] 9th 第九tenth[tenW] 10th 第十eleventh 11th 第十一twelfth[twelfW] 12th 第十二thirteenth 13th 第十三nineteenth 19th 第十九twentieth [5twentiiW] 20th 第二十fortieth 40th 第四十fiftyfirst 51st 第五十一sixtysecond 62nd 第六十二eightythird 83rd 第八十三ninetyfourth 94th 第九十四說明:1)英語序數(shù)詞119除第一(first),第二(second),第三(third)有特殊形式外,其余均由基數(shù)詞后加th [W]構(gòu)成。2)賓語He was among the first to 。下面月份后附有縮寫式。2)如說幾點(diǎn)幾分,則用下列方法表示:a)表示幾點(diǎn)過幾分,用介詞past,但分?jǐn)?shù)須在半小時(shí)以內(nèi)(包括半小時(shí)在內(nèi))。I am very glad to see 。t marry young(不要早婚)中的形容詞young都是主語補(bǔ)足語。不用比較等級的形容詞通常稱為原級(positive degree)。如:a strong, swift horse一匹又壯又快的馬many happy and healthy children很多幸福而健康的兒童a short and militant article一篇簡短有力的文章(militant一詞較長,放在short之后,這也是英語里安排形容詞位置的一種方法。(the blind作主語)He has a keen sense of the 。The Chinese Communist Party is a great 。clock).我們六點(diǎn)起床。1/2 one half [hB:f]; 1/3 onethird; 2/3 twothirds;1/4 onefourth或 one quarter [5kwC:tE]; 3/4 threefourths或 three quarters; 2 3/5 two and threefifths.2)小數(shù)(decimal) zero [5ziErEu] point five; one point two five; three point four five eight.[英語語法手冊]年、月、日、時(shí)刻表示法 年、月、日表示法1)年代 年代前用in。如:1st,2nd,3rd,4th,31st,82nd,93rd,94th等。 4)表語She is just 。(如說the three of them,意思則是他們?nèi)齻€(gè)人)2)賓語Give me 。3)十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)之間須用連字號。s newspaper?今天報(bào)紙上有什么重要消息嗎?I need somebody strong to help 。(作賓語)something和anything的區(qū)別與some和any的區(qū)別一樣,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑問句或條件狀語從句中。[注]有些不定代詞也可用作同位語和狀語。I was interested in everything that the old man told 。(關(guān)系代詞whom在從句中作賓語,它的先行詞是rade,whom在口語中一般可省去)The old man whose son is in the navy used to be 。ve got plenty of books wants an extra copy can get one from ,誰還想再要一本可來拿。)Children do what the nurse tells them to 。疑問代詞本身在間接疑問句中又擔(dān)任一定的句子成分。(作賓語)His name and mine are the 。Such和same也是指示代詞,其單、復(fù)數(shù)的形式相同。I don39。chairman Mao honoured Lin Hulan with these words:A great life A glorious death毛主席用下面的話表彰劉胡蘭:生的偉大,死的光榮。These days are 。指示代詞有:this這個(gè),that那個(gè),these這些,those那些,it那個(gè),這個(gè),Such如此的,如此的事物,same同樣的,同樣的事物。s 。The desk itself is not so 。自身代詞的用法1)在句中作賓語,表示動(dòng)作回到動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者的本身。2)名詞性物主代詞用作主語、賓語和表語a)用作主語:Our room is on the first floor, and theirs is on the second 我們的房間在一層,他們的在二層。如:The child smiled when it saw its 。如:We believe that China will make still greater progress in 。(見上面例句)[注二]口語習(xí)慣上不說it39。如:the other,the others,a few,a little等。某些代詞有所有格,如whose誰的,other39。如:a) I am reading The Arabian 《天方夜譚》。如:New Year39。7)三餐飯的名稱前,常不用冠詞。4)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示某一類人或事物時(shí),不用冠詞。3)季節(jié)、月份、星期幾等名稱前,一般不用冠詞。She built a 。Did you like the music of the film?你喜歡這個(gè)影片的音樂嗎?Science is making rapid progress in 。s Daily《人民日報(bào)》,the Reader39。如:a)某些國名前:the People39。The sun rises in the 。s Palace,some children learn to play the piano,others learn to play the ,有的小孩學(xué)彈鋼琴,有的學(xué)拉小提琴。那篇故事是關(guān)于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的,劇本是關(guān)于大學(xué)生生活的。 。The doctor told him to take the medicine three times a day. 醫(yī)生叫他一天吃三次藥。(意即任何一個(gè)三角形都有三個(gè)角)3)指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或何物。如the unit [TE5ju:nit] (單位),the yard [TEjB:d] (院子)。c) a和an在句中分別弱讀作[E]和[En]。601。I went to my uncle39。s吳先生(具有的照片中)的一張照片(比較:a picture of Mr. Wu吳先生本人的照片,即照片上是吳先生的像)。s concern of the younger generation黨對年青一代的關(guān)懷the hatred of the soldiers for the enemy士兵對敵人的仇恨2)名詞所有格是它所修飾的名詞的邏輯賓語。s,即構(gòu)成所有格,可放在另一名詞之前,作定語用。有少數(shù)名詞既可用作不可數(shù)名詞,又可用作可數(shù)名詞,但意義有所不同。如:Lei Feng 雷鋒 Karl Marx 卡爾如:They worked quickly and ,效率高。(well為狀語,修飾動(dòng)詞know,放在know之后)The students often go on a 。如:I like this ?,F(xiàn)將句子成分和虛詞在陳述句中的一般位置舉例說明如下:1)主語的位置 在陳述句基本結(jié)構(gòu)的最前面。b)并列句(pound sentence)包括兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句,中間常由連詞連接,如:Tom39。從句在句中可用作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語等句子成分;a)主語從句(subject clause)如What I want to say is this(我要說的是這么一點(diǎn))中的what I want to say。(副詞well作狀語)英語語法手冊]短語、從句和句子 短語(phrase)具有一定意義但不構(gòu)成從句或句子的一組詞,叫做短語。(代詞She作主語)謂語動(dòng)詞:動(dòng)詞My brother rides. his bicycle to 。6)狀語(adverbial)它是