【正文】 funds as earmarked 轉(zhuǎn)貸 onlending 轉(zhuǎn)軌經(jīng)濟 transition economy 轉(zhuǎn)機 turnaround 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)頭 turning point 準財政赤字 quasifiscal deficit 準貨幣 quasimoney 資本不足 undercapitalized 資本充足率 capital adequacy ratio 資本利潤率 return on capital 資本賬戶可兌換 capital account convertibility 資不抵債 insolvent。pastdue loans 與國際慣例接軌 to bee patible with internationally accepted 與國際市場接軌 to integrate with the world market 預(yù)算外支出（收入） offbudget （extrabudgetary） expenditure（revenue） 預(yù)調(diào) preemptive adjustment 月環(huán)比 on a monthonmonth basis。newly started projects 新增貸款 incremental credit。interenterprise arrears 善政廉政 good governance 商業(yè)貸款 mercial loans 上市公司 （publicly）listed corporations 設(shè)備利用 capacity utilization 社會保障 social safety net。to simplify（streamline）procedures 交投活躍 brisk trading 繳存準備金 to deposit required reserves 結(jié)構(gòu)扭曲 structural distortion 結(jié)構(gòu)失調(diào) structural imbalance 結(jié)構(gòu)性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance 結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化 structural improvement（optimization） 結(jié)匯、售匯 sale and purchase of foreign exchange 金融脆弱 financial fragility 金融動蕩 financial turbulence 金融風(fēng)波 financial disturbance 金融恐慌 financial panic 金融危機 financial crisis 金融壓抑 financial repression 金融衍生物 financial derivatives 金融詐騙 financial fraud 緊縮銀根 to tighten monetary policy 緊縮政策 austerity policies。capital and current budgetary account G 改革試點 reform experimentation 杠桿率 leverage ratio 杠桿收購 leveraged buyout 高息集資 to raise funds by offering high interest 個人股 noninstitutional shares 根本扭轉(zhuǎn) fundamental turnaround（or reversal） 公開市場操作 open market operations 公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts 公用事業(yè) public utilities 公有經(jīng)濟 the stateowned sector。to impose credit ceiling 貸款約束機制 credit disciplinary（constraint）mechanism 代理國庫 to act as fiscal agent 代理金融機構(gòu)貸款 make loans on behalf of other institutions 戴帽貸款 earmarked loans 倒逼機制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition 道德風(fēng)險 moral hazard 地區(qū)差別 regional disparity 第一產(chǎn)業(yè) the primary industry 第二產(chǎn)業(yè) the secondary industry 第三產(chǎn)業(yè) the service industry。in real terms 不動產(chǎn) real estate 不良貸款（資產(chǎn)） problem loans；nonperforming loans（assets）C 財務(wù)公司 finance panies 財政赤字 fiscal deficit 財政擠銀行 fiscal pressure on the central bank（over monetary policy） 財政政策與貨幣政策的配合 coordination of fiscal and monetary policies 采取循序漸進的方法 in a phased and sequenced manner 操作彈性 operational flexibility 操縱匯率 to manipulate exchange rate 產(chǎn)品構(gòu)成 product position。to grant a licence to 辦理存款業(yè)務(wù) to take deposits 保護農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)積極性 to protect farmers39。（即期庫存，不含前期庫存）sales/output ratio 產(chǎn)銷銜接 marketability 產(chǎn)業(yè)政策 industrial policy 長期國債 treasury bonds 敞口頭寸 open position 炒股 to speculate in the stock market 承購包銷 underwrite（securities） 成套機電產(chǎn)品 plete sets of equipment。reserve requirement 法人股 institutional shares 法人股東 institutional shareholders 法治 rule of law 房地產(chǎn)投資 real estate investment 放松銀根 to ease monetary policy 非現(xiàn)場稽核 offsite surveillance（or monitoring） 非銀行金融機構(gòu) nonbank financial institutions 非贏利性機構(gòu) nonprofit organizations 分稅制 assignment of central and local taxes。preferential tariff treatment 規(guī)范行為 to regularize（or standardize）…behavior 規(guī)模效益 economies of scale 國計民生 national interest and people39。on inflationadjusted basis 庫存產(chǎn)品 inventory 跨國銀行業(yè)務(wù) crossborder banking 跨年度采購 crossyear procurement 會計準則 accounting standard L 來料加工 processing of imported materials for export 離岸銀行業(yè)務(wù) offshore banking（business） 理順外貿(mào)體制 to rationalize foreign trade regime 利率杠桿的調(diào)節(jié)作用 the role of interest rates in resource allocation 利潤驅(qū)動 profitdriven 利息回收率 interest collection ratio 聯(lián)行清算 inte