【正文】 工業(yè)出版社, : 105160[20] 何希才, 鄒炳強. 通用電子電路應(yīng)用400例. 北京: 電子工業(yè)出版社2004: 778致　謝本論文是在王新勇老師的指導(dǎo)和關(guān)懷下完成的，從選題開始，王老師就以其淵博的學(xué)識和敏銳的洞察力，給我提出了具有啟發(fā)性的建議并指出了研究該課題的方向，在項目的研究過程中，多次詢問我研究的進程，并為我指點研究方向，幫助我開拓研究思路。 In addition the half speed rate voice code39。s low power) upward 1710~1785MHz downward 1805~1880MHz.PHASE2: SAME。 TRAN takes MSC a part. b) Trans coding also uses when downward transforms 16kbps 64kbps. c) Trans coding in MSC \ BSC \ BTS.5. HLR Home location register belongs to the location register. a) Has all user data stock in MSC to lie in HLR. In HLR has the permanent user database. When b) the user sends out the call, MSC obtains the user data from HLR. Is the user core database, the majority may obtain in the SIM card data in HLR.6. VLR visiting location register visits the location register.a) Has in VLR all user number which activates. b) When in other MSC user roams to new MSC, between MSC and HLR corresponds, new MSC will roam the user registers in its VLR.c), When the handset roams, user visit area by other network cover, moreover belongs to the position network to authorize it to use the network which visits, its user information (will be visited from HLR by the copy to VLR location register) to temporarily store. 7. Authentication center AUCAuthentication center a) Is the SIM card proof procedure. b) Each SIM card as IMSI, in IMSI has Canadian password c) To have when HLR IMSI and password d) the handset corresponds, first confirms the SIM card the validity, carries on the confirmation by AUC.8. Charge center BCBilling centera) BC has each user39。GSM實際上是歐洲的無線電話標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，據(jù)GSM MOU聯(lián)合委員會報道，GSM在全球有12億的用戶，并且用戶遍布120多個國家。二、GSM歷史：1998年，目標(biāo)為制訂接替GSM的第三代移動電話（3G）規(guī)范的3GPP啟動。GSM使用的是時分復(fù)用的特殊形式，并且它是目前三種數(shù)字無線電話技術(shù)（TDMA、GSM和CDMA）中使用最為廣泛的一種。 All BSC connection to MSC, b) each BTS links BSC to use the abis connection, is the 2Mbps connection. Uses microwave link, optical fiber, ways and so on coaxial line to connect. c) Microwave link is the best connection mode choice frequently. What d) BSC links the MSC use is A e) may provide services and so on plot broadcast in BSC. 3. MSC mobile switching center is the network core, the call setup, maintains, and the release。 GSM frequency band: GSM900 plot radius 35km upward 880~915MHz downward 925~960MHz.PHASE2: 890~925MHz and 935~960MHz。s function obtains unceasingly richly. It can thus provide a diverse service. The short information service which first introduces by the GSM system (SMS) has provided one kind novel, convenient, the inexpensive munication way. In 1994, GSM has realized based on the circuit switching data traffic and the facsimile service. In 1999, the WAP agreement caused the user to be possible through the handset visit Internet. After 2000, starts the mercial general grouping wireless service (GPRS) to enable the GSM system to be able to provide the data munication by the efficiency higher packet mode. In 2003, the EDGE technology started mercial, has provided the close 3G data munication ability. At present, the 3GPP organization is also developing the GSM standard, with the aim of using already massively deployed the GSM infrastructure, smoothly to 3G technology evolution.三、 GSM characteristics 1. GSM uses the directviewing characteristic: The GSM system has several important characteristics: Security beats ability to be good, the network capacity is big, the handset number fruitful in resources, the telephone conversation are clear, the stability not easily is disturbed, the information to be keen, the telephone conversation dead angle are few, the handset power consumption is low.2. GSM technical Characteristic:1. Frequency spectrum efficiency. Because used the highly effective modulator, the channel coding, to interweave, balanced and the speech coding technology, enabled the system to have the highfrequency spectrum efficiency. 2. Capacity. Because each channel transmission band width increases, causes the frequency multiplying to plant does reduces pared to the request to 9dB, therefore the GSM system39。為了適應(yīng)今后市場的發(fā)展，前級采用BOOST電路升壓，高頻逆變技術(shù)，后級逆變環(huán)節(jié)采用全橋電路，從而實現(xiàn)了直流輸入，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)市電輸出。這兩種逆變器雖然電路結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，但輸出的電能質(zhì)量較差，諧波分量大。5. 接通信號板電源，H橋應(yīng)該有正弦波輸出，燈泡會亮。6. 用一片NE5532即U1A、U1B組成一個50Hz同步方波發(fā)生電路。圖37 欠壓過流保護電路第4章 系統(tǒng)調(diào)試167。同時采用幾種過電流保護措施，提高可靠性和合理性，電子電路作為第一保護措施，快熔僅作為短路時的部分區(qū)段的保護，直流快速斷路器整定在電子電路動作之后實現(xiàn)保護，過電流繼電器整定在過載時動作。而對于由蓄電池供電的逆變電源而言，蓄電池也需要有必要的保護，因為蓄電池過度放電會損壞蓄電池本身。逆變器輸出電壓的頻率成分以基頻50Hz和開關(guān)頻率f=15KHz為主。為了削弱高次諧波，就需要設(shè)置輸出濾波器。圖34 IR2110驅(qū)動電路IR2110驅(qū)動電路原理框圖如圖34所示，其中左上臂HIN_L、左下臂LIN_L、右上臂HIN_R右下臂與LIN_R輸入信號分別是4，四路單極性的SPWM波形可以保證H橋臂的四個MOS管兩兩交叉導(dǎo)通，這樣實現(xiàn)輸出電流的反向，從而使輸出端為交流的高頻SPWM信號。圖33 IR2110驅(qū)動半橋 4. 設(shè)計電路應(yīng)注意以下問題：1）UC3637的RT和CT要適當(dāng)選擇，避免RT上的電流過大，損壞片子；2）驅(qū)動電路中C2值要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于上管的柵源極之間的極間電容值；3）IR2110的自舉元件電容的選擇取決于開關(guān)頻率，VDD及功率MOSFET的柵源極的充電需要，二極管的耐壓值必須高于峰值電壓，其功耗應(yīng)盡可能小并能快速恢復(fù)；4）IR2110的驅(qū)動脈沖上升沿取決于Rg，Rg值不能過大以免使其驅(qū)動脈沖的上升沿不陡，但也不能使驅(qū)動均值電流過大以免損壞IR2110；5）當(dāng)PWM產(chǎn)生電路是模擬電路時可以直接把信號接到IR2110；當(dāng)用采數(shù)字信號時要考慮隔離；6）注意直流偏磁問題167。2. 高壓側(cè)懸浮驅(qū)動的自舉原理IR2110用于驅(qū)動半橋的電路如圖33所示。50V/ns，15V下靜態(tài)功耗僅為116mW；輸出的電源端（腳3，即功率器件的柵極驅(qū)動電壓）電壓范圍10~20V；邏輯電源電壓范圍（腳9）5~15V，可方便地與TTL，CMOS電平相匹配，而且邏輯電源地和功率地之間允許有177。這樣，死區(qū)時間設(shè)置電路就可以通過數(shù)字電路實現(xiàn)了（圖213）。 時序控制電路用一片NE5532即U1A、U1B組成一個50Hz同步方波發(fā)生電路（圖212）。 SPWM調(diào)制 PP值饅頭波圖211 SPWM波形產(chǎn)生電路SG3525由一個雙門限電壓均從基準(zhǔn)電源取得，其高門限電壓低門限電壓，內(nèi)部橫流源向CT充電，其端壓VC線性上升，構(gòu)成鋸齒波的上升沿，當(dāng)時比較器動作，充電過程結(jié)束，上升時間t1為： （23）比較器動作時使放電電路接通，CT放電，VC下降并形成鋸齒波的下降沿，當(dāng)時比較器動作，放電過程結(jié)束，完成一個工作循環(huán)，下降時間間t2為： （24）此時間即為死區(qū)時間鋸齒波的基本周期T為： （25）因為由上可見鋸齒波的上升沿遠(yuǎn)長于下降沿，因此上升沿作為工作沿，下降沿作為回掃沿。U3A，U3B組成一個精密整流電路，其特點是，經(jīng)它整流的正弦饅頭波，失真很小，能滿足SPWM的要求。一般要在電路中加入非線性環(huán)節(jié)。圖24 RC串并聯(lián)網(wǎng)路傳輸系數(shù)： （21）式21中：.分析上式可知：僅當(dāng)w=時，達最大值，且u2與u1同相，即網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有選頻特性，決定于RC。由于存在開閉滯后，使輸出和吸收間出現(xiàn)重疊導(dǎo)通。(2) 振蕩電路由一個雙門限電壓均從基準(zhǔn)電源取得，其高門限電壓低門限電壓，內(nèi)部橫流源向CT充電，其端壓VC線性上升，構(gòu)成鋸齒波的上升沿，當(dāng)時比較器動作，充電過程結(jié)束，上升時間t1為：比較器動作時使放電電路接通，CT放電，VC下降并形成鋸齒波的下降沿，當(dāng)時比較器動作，放電過程結(jié)束，完成一個工作循環(huán)，下降時間間t2為：，此時間即為死區(qū)時間鋸齒波的基本周期T為：因為由上可見鋸齒波的上升沿遠(yuǎn)長于下降沿，因此上升沿作為工作沿，下降沿作為回掃沿。(2) ，精度177。其中，腳16為SG3525的基準(zhǔn)電壓源輸出，精度可以達到（177。如io0，