【正文】 k in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry., it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.15答案 1. It is imagined by many that the operations of the mon mind can be by no means pared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.譯文：許多人認(rèn)為，普通人的思維活動根本無法與科學(xué)家的思維過程相比，認(rèn)為這些思維過程必須經(jīng)過某種專門訓(xùn)練才能掌握。句子的主語由how引導(dǎo)的主語從句擔(dān)任；謂語動詞詞組depends on后面跟了兩個由and連接的并列賓語，在第二個賓語中，介詞with + which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾先行詞the skill and wisdom。it 是形式主語，真正的主語是由連詞and連接的兩個并列的主語從句：a. that the strength is …bound with…。這是一個并列復(fù)合句，在第二個并列分句中，謂語動詞predict后面跟了一個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句；在that賓語從句中，a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak是35 million teens的同位語。it 是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，而主語從句又包含了that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society 作介詞詞組on the ground 中g(shù)round的同位語，ground這里的意思是“根據(jù)”。it是形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句是句子的真正主語，在that從句中，if引導(dǎo)了條件狀語從句。主語the announcement后面跟了一個that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，在that從句中，動詞不定式短語to build… called the sonic cruiser作plan的后置定語，而不定式短語中的過去分詞短語called the sonic cruiser作plane的后置定語；破折號之后的and some say是插入語。要點：在限制性定語從句中有一個固定短語rather than，我們還是把它翻譯成稍復(fù)雜的帶“的”的定語從句。定語從句完全融入漢語翻譯中。24. Rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion譯文：火箭在太空中運行最佳，因為在那兒不存在阻礙他們運動的大氣。在這個從句中又包含了一個由that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句作means的賓語?！?。like all branches of science是插入語。在這個從句中又包含三個定語從句，一層套一層。關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾one，而關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾movement。介詞短語with fresh supplies作new settlers的定語。the recruits 譯為“新手，新成員”。過去分詞短語pitched at…和介詞短語 far above…作 sound waves的定語。38. That summer, those who remained were found fleeing down river to return home to England by new settlers with fresh supplies, who encouraged them to reconsider.要點：句子的框架是 that summer, those who remained were found fleeing down… by new settles…, who encouraged them…。39. By and large, the American diet continued to reflect a considerable reliance upon animal products, rather than on grains, which meant that a relatively large acreage was required to feed the American public.要點：句子的框架是by and large, the American diet continued to…，rather than on grains, which meant that…。the recruits are winning 是一個省略了關(guān)代詞 that的定語從句，修飾concessions。關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾human ear。譯文：在陸地形成時，雨水和河水溶解了巖石中鹽和其他物質(zhì)并把他們帶入海洋，使海水變咸。t help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.49. The amount of deformation is directly proportional to the applied stress provided the force does not exceed certain limit.50. It doesn’t boil, despite temperatures reaching up to 400 degrees c, because it is under terrific pressure.465046. Something further must be done to the amplified signals before they can be sent to the transmitting antenna.要點：before引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句譯為“...才...”使句意更為連貫。譯文：如果外力不超過某一限度的話，那么形變量與外力成正比。49. The amount of deformation is directly proportional to the applied stress provided the force does not exceed certain limit.要點：本句中條件狀語由provided引導(dǎo)。譯文：另一方面，一個真正犯了罪的人由于過去的經(jīng)驗使他對這種測驗有所準(zhǔn)備，或?qū)﹃P(guān)鍵問題早有所料，或?qū)χ行詥栴}故作夸大的反應(yīng)，他是能使測驗結(jié)果出現(xiàn)反?，F(xiàn)象的。譯文：在分析這些巖芯時，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)“沖擊”石英顆?！獛в刑厥馀帕械奈⒘芽s縫的薄片，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為他們外層空間來的物體與地球碰撞留下來的遺跡。一般在翻譯時，將前置定語后置。關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞panies。 them 指代 those who remained。37. As land developed, rain water and rivers dissolved salts and other substances from rocks and carried them to the oceans, making the ocean salty.要點：as 在句中引導(dǎo)的是一個時間狀語從句。35. They send out pulses of sound waves, pitched at 50,000 cycles per second, far above the limits of the human ear, which can hear sounds up to frequencies of about 20,000 cycles per second.要點：句子的框架是they send out pulses of …, far above… the human ear, which can hear sounds…。the recruits are winning 是一個省略了關(guān)代詞 that的定語從句，修飾concessions。謂語部分是were found fleeing down...。譯文：行為主義者指出，如果一個孩子在有很多刺激物的環(huán)境中長大，那么這個兒童將會有更高的智力發(fā)展。30. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.要點：句子的框架是behaviorists suggest that the child who is...environment where there are...stimuli which develop...will experience greater...。reason在此句中不譯為“原因、理由”，應(yīng)譯為“理性”。謂語是are not easily linked to public support of scientific research。其先行詞是前面一整句。23. One is the visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous “surface” from which visible light photons （光子）freely emerge.譯文：一個例子就是太陽的邊緣，這是一個氣狀的表面，可見光的光子從中源源涌出。20. At a large terminal railway station, the work of the station master is largely administrative because of the extent of the operations and the staff of which he is in mand.譯文：在大的鐵路終點站，站長的工作主要是行政管理的，這是由于車站運營范圍廣、工作人員多。要點：定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是簡單的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，翻譯成前置的定語詞組。13. The announcement by Boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, highspeed plane called the sonic cruiser brings an end to one of the most imaginative – and some say quixotic – projects in recent aerospace engineering.譯文：波音公司宣布放棄修建一種名叫“音速游艇”的新潮、高速飛機的計劃，這一決定使近年來航空工程中最富想象力—還有人稱純屬空想的計劃落了空。這個問題顯得越來越重要了。9. It is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for several decades past been severely criticized, partly on the ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society.譯文：那么教育體制在過去幾十年中受到嚴(yán)厲的批評，就不那么令人感到驚訝了，批評者的部分根據(jù)是，這種教育培養(yǎng)人們在一種已過時的社會中生存。句中jetlag是“時差綜合癥”，blues不能譯成“藍(lán)色”，而是“憂郁”之意。5. Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry , and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.譯文：再者，顯而易見的是一個國家的經(jīng)濟實力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān)，而效率的提高則又有賴于各種科技人員的努力要點：句子的框架是furthermore, it is obvious that…, and that …。whether … or 引導(dǎo)了主語從句作句子的主語， financing 這里根據(jù)上下文要譯成“經(jīng)費投入”；介詞結(jié)構(gòu) of which is seen as the