【正文】 nt brought new impetus to learning throughout Europe.結構分析:句子的框架是It was the desire…that brought about a wave…。20. So don’t be surprised if you never encounter some of the expressions that still appear in school textbooks。主句是you can fort yourself that…，這里的that引導賓語從句，而關系代詞who引導定語從句，修飾native speaker。譯文:盡管人們常說一個人從來不知道是否遭到閃電的襲擊，但是一個人有時能感覺到閃電的到來，如果動作快，就能及時采取保護措施。而在現(xiàn)在，正在消失的古老家族公司的那種更加家長式制度下的雇主們，卻常常對他們的工人有這樣的私人關系。這是一個并列復合句，兩個句子由so連接。主句為so…that…結構引導的結果狀語從句，因強調(diào)vast,so vast放在句首進行倒裝,正常語序為the number of planets is so vast that…。譯文： 對資本和企業(yè)進行大規(guī)模的非個人操縱，大大增加了股東作為一個階級的數(shù)量和重要性。注意后面還有attending和drawing并列。 譯文：在這些原因中，有些完全是自然而然地來自社會需求，另一些則是由于科學在一定程度上自我加速而產(chǎn)生的，某些特定發(fā)展的必然結果。譯文：然而,世界就是這樣。For Lloyd Nickson, 是狀語，“a 54 years old…cancer”為Lolyd Nicks的同位語。此句句子雖長，但是結構并不復雜，可以從冒號開始分為兩個部分。譯文：依賴最初表現(xiàn)為忍耐力增強，用量越來越大才能達到預期效果，一旦停用就會產(chǎn)生不舒服的癥狀。狀語成分可以置句首，也可以置句末，并無規(guī)定。因為傳統(tǒng)的分析方法表明，兩國尤其是美國的經(jīng)濟生產(chǎn),幾乎沒有閑置的生產(chǎn)資源。譯文：有些哲學家主張說，權利只存在于社會契約中，是責任與利益相交換的一部分。譯文：這種反應本身沒有錯，這是人類道德觀念在進行推理時，本能在起作用，這種本能應得到鼓勵而不應遭到嘲弄。后一個that引導的是修飾rebound的定語從句。without后面要跟動名詞giving。52．Gaither39。53. Chicago officials, along with the League of Cities and 31 states that sided with the。 “according to a study released last week by the Justice Policy Institute”做狀語；“a research center in San Francisco”是“the Justice Policy Institute”的同位語。譯文：組織工作場所的新方法包括機構重組和縮小規(guī)模,這些只是促進某個經(jīng)濟實體的綜合生產(chǎn)率提高的一項措施，還有其他許多因素可以促進生產(chǎn)率的提高，比如對機械設備的聯(lián)合投資、采用新技術、對教育培訓投資等?，F(xiàn)在水庫積滿泥沙，幾乎不能用于發(fā)電了。前面的復合句里，when that happens是時間狀語從句。43．Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements.結構分析：句子主干是Some philosophers argue that…。Since引導的是表原因的狀語從句。close to相當于省略了which was的非限制性定語從句。with引導的是伴隨結構作狀語，修飾的是整個第一分句描述的狀態(tài)。譯文：獨自旅行時，如果沒有了食物，受了傷或者生了病，通常只能向最近的小屋或者村落求救。譯文：同過去一樣，將來必然會出現(xiàn)新的思維方式和新的思維對象，給完美以新的標準。s more fascination and delightful aspects. 結構分析：句子主干是However, the world is so made that…systems are…unable to deal with some of the…aspects。主語是some of these causes，實際的主語就是some，不過謂語是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)則取決于of后面的成分是單數(shù)還是復數(shù)。retire on指“依靠什么而退休（多跟表收入的名詞）”。 and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.結構分析：句子的框架是Such large, impersonal manipulation greatly increased …shareholders as a class, an element…主語和賓語都有較長的短語和of結構限定，并且分句是由兩個and相連的3個部分組成的。即使當場被抓住，警察也難以證明那是偷來的。在公眾的心目中，該品牌同關系到動物權利的道德標準息息相關。acting for the pany做the paid manager的定語，which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away做that familiar personal knowledge的定語，now passing away做the old family business的定語。主句中if quick enough補充完整為if he is quick enough，是條件狀語從句，為take action的前提條件。在后面句子中，you hear…是省略了關系副詞when的定語從句，修飾next time。impetus意為“動力,促進”?！璦 brandnew problem that without the use of a tool would prove insoluble中without和insoluble為雙重否定可譯成肯定句。on its own意為“獨立地，憑自己力量”，在此轉譯為“就其自身而言”。譯文：因此，與一條不能被歸入更普遍的法則或理論而是基于經(jīng)驗的規(guī)律相比，一條具有普遍理論依據(jù)支持的規(guī)律很可能被認可為一條自然法則。為避免重復do so代替前文提到的make an entire individual。15. The presumption on which human cloning rests is that all these cells，though now specialized，still contain exact copies of the original set of genetic instructions needed to make an entire individual and can do so if a way is found to switch them back on.結構分析:句子的框架是The presumption is that all these cells…contain genetic instructions…and can do so…。Once intimidated by arguments是過去分詞做狀語修飾these women，其施動者arguments又有兩個that引導的同位語從句修飾限定它。since引導的原因狀語從句修飾主句。其后緊跟著一個which引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞sustainable development。11. We assumed that there were forces of attraction between molecules which varied rapidly with the distance so that the attraction between molecules that were more than a few ten millionths of a millimeter apart was very small but became considerable when the molecules approached more closely.結構分析:句子的框架是We assumed that there were forces of attraction…。when immersed in a liquid是省略了主語的過去分詞短語，句子補充完整為when the solid body is immersed in a liquid，修飾其主句a solid body loses a portion of its weight of the liquid…。此從句中又套嵌一個定語從句，修飾其先行詞the stage。by way of意為“經(jīng)由，通過…方法”。spring up意為“發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)，建立”。it是指上句中所提到的150億年前形成的巨大云團（a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion lightyears from earth）。復合句中that引導賓語從句，從句中有either…or…引導的兩個并列的介詞結構作狀語，修飾動詞be treated，其中第一個with介詞結構中還有一個省略了關系代詞that或which的定語從句humans extend to other humans，修飾the consideration。and連接兩個并列分句，第二個并列分句中由how引導的賓語從句是一個帶有虛擬條件句的主從復合句，其中had he grown up…（=If he had grown up…）是省略了連詞if的非真實條件句。and連接兩個并列分句，每個并列分句中皆有一個when引導的時間狀語從句分別說明work most effectively和and（work）least effectively。譯文：這種困境將是確定無疑的，因為能源的匱乏，高能量消耗這種美國耕種方式將很難在農(nóng)業(yè)中繼續(xù)下去，而這種耕種方式使投入少數(shù)農(nóng)民就可獲得高產(chǎn)成為可能。請大家按照上述步驟認真分解以下70個句子，并把分解后的句子讀熟甚至背過，則基本上可以解決考研長難句問題?！?考研英語長難句分析技巧及實戰(zhàn)70例長難句在考研閱讀、完型填空和翻譯中的出現(xiàn)頻率很高，無論句子有多長、結構有多復雜，它都由一些基本的成分組成的。由于非謂語動詞和從句的這些特點，使英語句子從理論上講可以無限延長。in…fashion譯為“用…方法、方式”。3. In general，the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can be not well defined.結構分析:句子的框架是the tests work most effectively when…and least effectively when…。4. For example，they do not pensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 結構分析:句子的框架是they do not pensate…，and thus do not tell how…。冒號后的復合句是對冒號前部分作進一步說明。但It was…that…在本句中不是強調(diào)句型。 that would keep them alive做work的定語從句。此時間狀語從句又套嵌一個定語從句that endure，修飾其先行詞discoveries。that從句作the fact的同位語從句。namely that a solid body…作the principle of Archimedes的同位語。有關這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的故事說法眾多，下面的故事就是其中之一。12. This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development，which means that we must，for the benefit of ing generations，leave enough environmental space so that these generations will be able to address their needs and fulfill their aspirations.結構分析:句子的框架是This need is enshrined in the concept of sustainable development…。13. Painting lacks only the means to represent movement in time and space，which is the special property of sculpture and architecture，since a painting is designed to be seen from one point