【正文】 or admiration of somebodyB. pliment n. an expression of praise, admiration, approval, etc.14) A. flood n. a large number or amountB. flooding v. arrive in large numbers15) A. contact n. munication with a person, organization, country, etc.B. contact v. reach (someone) by message, telephone, etc.3. 1) thrives 2) strategy 3) annual 4) deserve 5) spontaneous 6) sincere 7) investments 8) enterprise 9) follow up 10) characterized11) lingered 12) acknowledged 4. column: 1) D 2) A 3) B 4) Ctough: 1) D 2) B 3) E 4) F 5) C 6) A5.1) A. plementary B. plimentary C. plimentaryplimentary: 1) expressing admiration, praise, etc.2) given free of chargeplementary: making something plete or perfect。2 例如，最近對美國公立學(xué)校的一項研究顯示，在教育中存在一種男孩比女孩更受偏愛的文化偏見。3 賽德克夫婦所做的研究顯示，教師有時候會按照固有的性別模式給女孩子和男孩子不同布置的任務(wù)，這樣便不知不覺地使女孩子不能像男孩子一樣積極地參與。例如，在德國，讀書學(xué)習(xí)都被看作是“適合于男性的”，于是在閱讀上有問題的便是女孩子了。1 Understanding the Organization of the Text(1) Introduction (para 1)It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions, andinterests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredityand culture.(2) There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. (para. 24)Supporting evidenceA. Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (para 2)i) Its consequence: This has a tremendous impact on the learning process.ii) The reason for this: Active classroom participants develop more positive attitudesand go on to higher achievement.iii) Two examples:a. In many of the former allwomen’s colleges, the boys were taking over the classroom discussions and active participation by women students had diminished noticeably.b. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in law and medical school classrooms in recent years.B. Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles. (para. 3)i) Its consequence: This prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class.ii) An example: A teacher had the little boys perform the scientific experiment while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away.C. Genderbiased education is also reflected in the typical American teacher’ assumption. (para 4)i) The assumption: Boys will do better in the hard, masculine subjects of math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills.ii) Three examples:a. American boys do develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys in math up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on.b. In Germany, all studies are considered masculine and it is girls who develop reading problems.c. In Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls and boys do equally well in reading.(3) The educational bias begins at home. (para 5)A. Supporting evidence:i) Boy preschoolers were permitted to go away from home in a much wider area than girl preschoolers.ii) Boys were encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills, while girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of for their goodness and obedience to rules.B. The consequence when these lessons carry over from the home to the classroom: Girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than its content, and more anxious about being right in their answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original.C. Conclusion: Through the educational process that occupies most of the child’s waking hours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each sex in its traditional and expected mold.2 CBDBCDVocabulary1. 1) genetic 2) assign 3) noticeably 4) approved 5) Bias 6) deprived 7) constituted 8) participation 9) unintentional 10) postgraduate2. conscious – unconscious positive – negativeencourage – discourage superior – inferiordirectly – indirectly biased – fairsexist – nonsexist limited – unlimiteddependent – independent appropriately – inappropriately3. 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) E 5) B 6) C 7) F 8) B4. 1) turn out 2) carry over 3) calling on 4) put away 5) fallen behind 6) take overUnit 4關(guān)于創(chuàng)造力的培養(yǎng)——鼓勵孩子思考1 教育界和商業(yè)界的專家們說, 具有創(chuàng)造性是通向光明前程的關(guān)鍵。這種膠帶現(xiàn)已被人們廣泛使用。創(chuàng)造性是指能利用已有的資源想出新點子，而這些點子有助于解決某方面的問題。要回答這一問題，學(xué)生必須應(yīng)用自己掌握的關(guān)于哥倫布、紐約和加勒比地區(qū)的知識。家長可以幫助孩子了解不同的決策將會帶來的各種后果。10 給孩子一些選擇的余地也很重要。巴克利，就像他是我的親兄弟一樣，而且除了比賽中在籃板下彼此沖撞的時候（我在猶他爵士隊；他在菲尼克斯太陽隊），我們是很好的朋友。2 我認(rèn)為成了著名運動員后，我們不能只接受隨之而來的榮譽和金錢，卻拒絕承擔(dān)作為榜樣的責(zé)任，或者沒有意識到孩子們、甚至一些成年人正關(guān)注著我們，期望我們樹立起一個榜樣。4 但做個好榜樣并不需要十全十美，而且人們也不應(yīng)該期盼完美。羅賓遜會那樣做嗎？”有時候，這是很管用的。”這就太過分了。但事實并非如此。但是我要鼓勵父母們?nèi)プ鲆患?，那就是提醒他們的孩子無論他們敬仰哪位運動員，十全十美的人是沒有的。然而，對疾病的恐懼并非我們唯一的恐懼。3 風(fēng)險幾乎總是一個可能性的問題而無確定性可言。5 例如，兩車相撞時，大車總的說來要比小車安全些。這難道就意味著乘坐汽車要比采礦危險得多嗎？未必。此處，我們可以很清楚地看到，乘坐汽車旅行的風(fēng)險是每一萬人中大約有一人喪生；而就采礦而言，其危險程度是每一萬礦工中大約有四人死亡。 reasonablesensitive: easily hurt, upset, or offended by things that people say2) relativerelevant: directly connected with the subject or problem being discussed or consideredrelative: considered in relation or proportion to somebody/something else。你們可以跟我們爭辯，說服我們?yōu)槭裁茨銈兊腻e誤不是錯誤，為什么平庸的作業(yè)是優(yōu)秀的，為什么你們會對普普通通并不出色的課堂報告感到驕傲。當(dāng)你們沒有按期交作業(yè)時，我們裝作不在乎。在過去的50年中，大學(xué)使你們喪失了得到充分培養(yǎng)的機會。正如我剛才所說的，這不是為了討你們的歡心。“它們提醒我，生活不是由時鐘控制的，而且我能自己選擇按什么樣的時間生活。這些人都是“時間癮君子”。松鼠知道什么時候該為漫長的冬眠做準(zhǔn)備。那些從死亡的邊緣搶救過來的人常?；貞浾f, 在那一瞬間他們整個一生的生活經(jīng)歷會在他們面前重新閃現(xiàn)。但其代價可能會很高。2）確立你自己的內(nèi)部時間感。耐心地看看日落，或者看一朵從頭頂?shù)奶炜章h過的云。幾分鐘內(nèi)，就能使自己非常平靜。別再戴手表。但在歐洲南部及拉丁美洲說西班牙語和葡萄牙語的國家里，人比時間表更重要，故在約會時會把開始的時間定得比較靈活。這些實驗也許揭示了一種神秘力量，一種把個人改變?yōu)槿后w（團隊、異教或烏合之眾）成員的神秘力量。蟹能感知潮水什么時候要變化。多希發(fā)現(xiàn),采用一些簡單的方法去改變?nèi)藗儗r間的看法，上述疾病和其他一些因緊張而誘發(fā)的疾病常?？梢缘玫匠晒Φ闹委?。多希博士有兩個古董鐘。我的意思是，當(dāng)他們把你們想要但不是你們應(yīng)得的東西給了你們時，要善待他們，不要侮辱他們，不要在他們身上重演你們與父母之間的那種糟糕的關(guān)系。他說：“大學(xué)毀了你們，讓你們閱讀那些不值得一讀的論文，聽那些不值得一聽的評論，甚至要去尊重那些無所事事、孤陋寡聞、極不文明的人。這里所要求于你們的僅僅是一點微不足道的努力。知難而退也會使你變成另一個人。風(fēng)險管理需要兩大要素：常識以及與我們可能要承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險的性質(zhì)和程度相關(guān)的信息。這個比率越大，也就是說它越接近1，那么有關(guān)活動的風(fēng)險就越大。例如，我們知道每年大約有25,000 人死于車禍。有些活動是比其它活動更危險。疑病癥患者通?？梢郧笾卺t(yī)生，以便澄清疑慮——要么你得了你所懷疑的疾病，要么你沒