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通知。其運作,雖然這種是基于是簡單廣播的顯示界面的儀器,它能夠直接連接到其他設(shè)備的客戶。基于MyHMI設(shè)計的基礎(chǔ)要求的主要功能和非功分別列于表1和表2??蛻舳藨?yīng)用程序應(yīng)該運行在一個標準的Web瀏覽器,并應(yīng)自動在不同規(guī)模的屏幕上調(diào)整分辨率,服務(wù)器應(yīng)用程序應(yīng)運行在一個標準的動態(tài)Web架構(gòu)上。 該體系結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計已經(jīng)運用先進的解決方案的狀態(tài)處理了模塊化實施和給予關(guān)注點分離。 鏈接客戶端和服務(wù)器之間的通信是采用HTTP(仿真)應(yīng)答通過HTTP請求響應(yīng)的手段。該方法的一個方式為了個性化解析和適應(yīng)性規(guī)則處理不同問題可以制定若干具體組成部分。 訪問外部變量 通過一個單一的集中服務(wù)器,受控制系統(tǒng)的狀態(tài)對“人機接口”系統(tǒng)可見的:所有的客戶端調(diào)用一個中央服務(wù)器,作為網(wǎng)關(guān)和提供關(guān)于設(shè)備狀態(tài)的數(shù)據(jù)??蛻艨梢圆渴鹪趦煞N配置:本地服務(wù)器的節(jié)點(從而提供了一個集成終端接口)或在一個單獨的遠程終端連接到服務(wù)器通過一個TCP / IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在圖3和圖4中,我們可以找出三個服務(wù)器內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)宏組件的:服務(wù)器子組件對管理現(xiàn)場設(shè)備通信負責同時提供抽象和模塊化,并且忽略其他組件的物理特征,拓撲和協(xié)議。只有客戶能夠履行請求到服務(wù)器,而相反則不行。溝通的緩沖機制在CIM實施從查詢審核上看有助于克服的弊端。為了避免對一個特定的技術(shù)依賴,我們制作了一個高層次的設(shè)計,可以實現(xiàn)在不同的渲染環(huán)境所設(shè)計的內(nèi)部組件分布在圖6所示:客戶端應(yīng)用程序包含一個外部應(yīng)用程序,在瀏覽器環(huán)境內(nèi)執(zhí)行。由于OPC結(jié)構(gòu)下,我們可以提高與外地更層次的交流,因此,開發(fā)一個原型,幾乎所有的工業(yè)領(lǐng)域協(xié)議兼容。圖7 MYHMI動畫接口原型6 相關(guān)工作從要求,發(fā)展趨勢,以及當前技術(shù)發(fā)展機會,嵌入式系統(tǒng)是被普遍認可的[6]。他們的目的是學(xué)習最佳混合的編程語言,和發(fā)展架構(gòu)還有框架給予的靈活性。和發(fā)展客戶端和服務(wù)器應(yīng)用程序進行測試的可靠性和MyH的解決方法。? personalization and automatic adaptation of the GUI。 (ii) guaranteeing the synchronization of the status information at the different peers。 upon reception of server responses, the shell updates the internal data variables, which automatically refresh the registered business objects and associated widgets. This datacentric approach allows to redraw only the affected widgets, minimizing the putational effort and enhan。 page data refresh requests involve only the shipping of raw data to the client and are served faster.As depicted in Figure 2, the server identifies the boundary between two major classes of ponents: on one side there is the controlled system, posed by different devices, municating both through industrial (. Modbus, Fieldbus etc…) and web protocols (. TCP/IP) and conveying data originating from the controlled environment。This situation is largely due to the strong focus on costs, performances and reliability, which overes the interest in standard architectures and high quality of interfaces and services. Moreover, industrial automation munication protocols have not reached the same level of standardization as office munication networks, which further justifies the predominance of proprietary architectures. However, the success of the Internet and of the Web has started impacting the industrial HMI world too. Industrial users are starting to familiarize with Web interfaces, graphical quality, multimedia content, and features such as mobility, adaptivity, and personalization of the applications. At the same time,TCPIP based munication protocols and embedded operating systems have started to spread in the industrial automation field [6][10], thus reducing the need of proprietary architectures making enterprisewide integration more appealing. In this scenario, it is easy to foresee a slow but inexorable convergence of the industrial HMI solutions towards standard architectures, standard munication protocols, and advanced interactive functions. Our work focuses on the design of a new distributed software architecture for HMI systems able to provide features and services such as personalization, adaptivity, distribution, mobility, multichannel notification, integration with office networks and software packages, although preserving the robustness, reliability, performance and costeffectiveness of traditional HMI solutions. The project, called ESAMyHMI is a research activity carried out in collaboration between Politeico di Milano and ESA Elettronica ., an Italian pany operating in the HMI market. The project has led to a novel HMI architecture, which leverages the most advanced architectural patterns of multitier Web applications to deploy sophisticated HMI functionalities on top of lowcost, industrialclass, embedded hardware.2. Overview of the industrial HMI marketIndustrial HMI products rarely implement innovative services, such as remote access to the plant control, messaging and remote notification. Indeed, HMI panies seem to privilege exclusively performance and good access to industrial munication standards, even if these factors could be inpatible with the adoption of innovative solution based on modern and solid Web architectures.Even the HMI players that seem to offer the most innovative contents (and claim their products are Webenabled) still leverage on legacy architectures, typically exploiting monolithic Applications.On the contrary, recent studies [6] show how users are increasingly looking towards a new range of products with advanced features, superior graphical capabilities and improved usability that could grant:? remote and possibly, distributed control of an industrial plant。按新Web啟用人機界面解決方案的需求定義。服務(wù)導(dǎo)向,代理人為導(dǎo)向,和分布式對象架構(gòu)([9], [11])基于Web和XML為基礎(chǔ)的技術(shù)也探索了,但其成果仍處于發(fā)展的初期階段和通常需要強大的硬件支持。部件的設(shè)計根據(jù)關(guān)注點分離的理念:每一個部件是發(fā)展成為獨立的對象,分別由兩個主要模塊組成:? 業(yè)務(wù)邏輯,封裝了無論是性能和組件的行為模式;? 該圖形表示,這是分開設(shè)計的,與著名的皮膚概念為基礎(chǔ)的方法。感謝開源的Modbus模擬器,我們模擬了一個牛奶裝瓶廠的邏輯和數(shù)據(jù)流,由大約20控制變量組成,如牛奶罐的液位和溫度,狀態(tài)和自動輸送帶的速度等。此外,數(shù)據(jù)的變化需要通報只一些客戶端,從而對減少通信信道擁塞,提高可擴展性,因此,提高整體系統(tǒng)的性能。多虧這些技術(shù),客戶可以建立一個連接始終可用的服務(wù)器從用戶的互動上獨立發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)。最后用戶界面管理是組件授權(quán)協(xié)調(diào)和同步與客戶的互動;因為MyHMI依賴于網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu),用戶界面管理是在其網(wǎng)絡(luò)版本兼容模式2(MVC2已知)[5]上,根據(jù)模型視圖控制器(MVC)設(shè)計模式[4]組織的。(三)提供確保萬無一失執(zhí)行用戶的命令一個安全可靠的服務(wù)。 服務(wù)器的設(shè)計該服務(wù)器是通過專有的溝通協(xié)議,作為為中間人人機界面接口和其他服務(wù)器進行通信的TCP / IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及現(xiàn)場總線連接異構(gòu)的設(shè)備之間作用。反過來,我們通過了服務(wù)器端的服務(wù)器配置有關(guān)規(guī)則的適用 。這些規(guī)則是在運行時解析和解釋是通過一個通用的代碼。剩下的細節(jié)性的人性化規(guī)則可以應(yīng)用于個別用戶,但是我們可能會假設(shè)這些用戶的數(shù)量和復(fù)雜程度都是有限制的。在這一節(jié),我們給出解決方案的總結(jié)。表2 非功能需求非功能需求網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓撲該系統(tǒng)可支持獨立的網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu),局域網(wǎng),有線網(wǎng)絡(luò)和無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)接入。這個目標需要分類功能和傳統(tǒng)的人機界面解決方案模塊,部署了分布式系統(tǒng)的模塊化和他們,它利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的開放標準和多層Web應(yīng)用程序的架構(gòu)模式。在其他市場的行業(yè),創(chuàng)新一直是依靠主要供應(yīng)商(例如,西門子),他們一直致力于在提高傳統(tǒng)人機界面應(yīng)用程序提供的功能和代表過去幾年的水平。該項目被稱為ESAMyHMI的科研活動是在米蘭理工大學(xué)和歐空局Elettronica SpA公司——一家經(jīng)營人機界面意大利公司之間進行的合作。商業(yè)系統(tǒng)通常依賴于硬件,操作系統(tǒng),I / O接口,通信協(xié)議的執(zhí)行情況,圖形顯示管理,和業(yè)務(wù)邏輯的專有架構(gòu)。1 介紹根據(jù)當前潮流的人機界面(人機界面在工業(yè)自動化領(lǐng)域)的特點,嵌入式的優(yōu)勢是低功率,他有具體標準現(xiàn)場總線或?qū)iT接口專門針對工業(yè)廠房和自動化監(jiān)測設(shè)備。我們的工作重點是一個新的分布式軟件架構(gòu)的人機界面系統(tǒng)能夠提供諸如個性化,適應(yīng)性,分布,流動性,多渠道通知,服務(wù)設(shè)計和辦公網(wǎng)絡(luò)及軟件集成等功能,當然還有保持穩(wěn)健性,可靠性,性能和成本效益等傳統(tǒng)的人機界面問題。它們通常部署在高端設(shè)備(電腦和功能強大的嵌入式系統(tǒng))和代表著人機界面市場。3 新穎的人機界面解決方案的要求 從工業(yè)人機界面的市場可看到了工業(yè)自動化終端軟件,硬件架構(gòu)的典型的辦公和基于Web的應(yīng)用程序緩慢但穩(wěn)定進化走向一體化,以達到更高的可用性和界面和更方便的工業(yè)自動化解決方案的靈活性和企業(yè)信息系統(tǒng)的互操作性的靈活性。報告日志數(shù)據(jù)報告可在不同的格式制作,允許遠程可視化,調(diào)度和打印。該系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計必須解決的幾個問題,按要求。我們使用是人性化是基于分組,這分組假設(shè)用戶是