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Wei Liu ?Weiwei Li Received: 9 July 2009 / Accepted: 3 March 2010 / Published online: 24 February 2011 SpringerVerlag 2011 Abstract A shellandtube heat exchanger with new typeof baffles, is designed, fabricated and tested. The experimental investigation for the proposed model and the original segmental baffle heat exchanger are conducted. Theoperation performances of the two heat exchangers are also pared. The results suggest that, under the same conditions, the overall performance of the new model is20–30% more efficient than that of the segmental baffleheat exchanger.1 IntroductionHeat exchanger is a very important apparatus in manyfields, such as petroleum refining, power generation,chemical engineering, process industry, food industry, the different types of heat exchangers, shellandtube heat exchanger (STHX) has many advantages such asreliable structure, mature techniques and wide applicability, which make it widely utilized in various industries [ 1 ].The baffle element plays very important roles in STHX,such as supporting the tube bundles and disturbing the fluidof shell side. According the direction of fluid flow of shellside, the STHX can be divided into three groups: transverse flow, longitudinal flow and helical flow. The characteristicsof pressure drop and heat transfer in shell side of the STHX vary under different flow states, which have a heavy impacton the performance of the heat exchangers.The traditional shellandtube heat exchanger with segmental baffles (SBSTHX) have many disadvantages, such as high pressure drop, low heat transfer efficiency, harmful vibration caused by the shellside flow which is normal to tube bundles. When the traditional segmental baffles areused in STHX, higher pumping power is often required tooffset the higher pressure drop under the same heat , a new type of STHX using different types of baffles might achieve higher heat transfer efficiency and lower pressure drop. Pressure drop and heat transfer are two interdependent factors influencing the capital and operating costs of the heat exchange systems. In order to improve the performance, heat exchangers with different types of baffles are developed, which have relatively higher heat transfer efficiency and relatively lower pressure drop,such as rod baffles and helical baffle exchangers [ 2 – 11]. Therefore, the main objectives of this study are to develop an STHX with new type of baffles to overe the deficiencies mentioned above and to experimentally investigate its performance. Moreover, performance of the new STHX is also pared with that of SBSTHX in this study.The dimension of the heat exchanger isU159 mm 95 mm. The detailed parameters of heat exchangers are shown in Tables 1 and 2 .2 Configuration and fabrication of the STHX with new type of bafflesThe helical type of fluid flow in shell side of the STHX with helical baffles has led to some advantages such as high heat transfer efficiency and low flow resistance [ 5 , 6 , 8 ]. Nevertheless, it is difficult to manufacture the continuous helical baffles. In order to address this problem, flowerbaffles STHX (FBSTHX), a new type of STHX based on the traditional segmented baffle, is proposed in this paper and shown schematically as in Fig. 1 . As seen in Fig. 1 ,around baffle can be divided into four quadrants, and among the four quadrants, at least one quadrant is hollow for fluid flowing, and the remaining quadrants are used to support the heat tube. As the flower baffles are installed alternately, the phase angles (the angles for hollow parts of the two adjacent baffles) can be 30,60 ,or90 . Under different application situations, the phase angles may vary. From Fig. 1 it can also be observed that the configuration of all baffles in FBSTHX is the same。序號項目符號單位數(shù)據(jù)來源和計算公式數(shù)值1管箱法蘭材料的彈性模量GB1501998表F51911032管箱法蘭厚度JB/T47022000323系數(shù)GB1511999圖264管箱圓筒與法蘭的旋轉(zhuǎn)剛度參數(shù)=5管板邊緣力矩的變化系數(shù)=1/（/ +）6法蘭力矩變化系數(shù)=/ 7管板第二彎矩系數(shù)GB1511999圖28（a）G、按殼程設(shè)計壓力，而管程設(shè)計壓力=0，膨脹變形差r，法蘭力矩的的危險組合（）a、 只有殼程設(shè)計壓力，而管程設(shè)計壓力=0，不計膨脹節(jié)變形差（即r=0）。 則 管子外徑 管子內(nèi)徑 管子長度 則所需換熱管根數(shù)：=380可取換熱管根數(shù)為400 根 則管程流通面積為（四管程）管程流速為： 管程質(zhì)量流速為： 管程雷諾數(shù)為管程傳熱系數(shù)為：：查GB151—1999知管間距按取：管束中心排管數(shù)為： 取 22根則殼體內(nèi)徑為： 則長徑比為（合理）折流板由書可知可以選擇弓形折流板。廣東鶴山市磷肥廠年產(chǎn)4104t硫酸的工業(yè)過程中,應(yīng)用該換熱器比傳統(tǒng)換熱器節(jié)省換熱面積50%,節(jié)省鋼材40%。商利艷[17]等分別對螺旋角為12176。在某些煙氣管對流換熱中,三維內(nèi)肋管具有獨特的自清灰功能,李清方[10]經(jīng)實驗,比其它強化管如螺紋管的傳熱效果好。此外,與正常流速相比,這種插入物使換熱管的防垢能力提高8～10倍[5] 內(nèi)翅片管的特點是通過在換熱管管內(nèi)擴大換熱面積，強化管內(nèi)傳熱途徑來提高換熱效率。[2] 梁龍虎[3]經(jīng)實驗研究,表明螺旋扁管管內(nèi)膜傳熱系數(shù)通常比普通圓管大幅度提高,在低雷諾數(shù)時最為明顯,達2～3倍。 換熱器是一種實現(xiàn)物料之間熱量傳遞的節(jié)能設(shè)備,在石油、化工、冶金、電力、輕工、食品等行業(yè)應(yīng)用普遍。畢業(yè)設(shè)計是我們