【正文】 現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。特殊句型so as to（1） 表示目的；它的否定式是so as not to do。（2）of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right?！狢an I help you 需要我?guī)兔帷猈ell,I39。I39。t permit us to swim in the lake.4 部分動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，意義差別較大，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子語(yǔ)境選擇使用。t forget to e 。cease doing/to docease to do　長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，甚至永遠(yuǎn)停做某事。t ，但未成功。She was afraid of waking her 。begin(start) doing/to dobegin / start to do sthbegin / start doing sth.（1)　談及一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期活動(dòng)或開(kāi)始一種習(xí)慣時(shí)，使用doing.How old were you when you first started playing the piano你幾歲時(shí)開(kāi)始彈鋼琴？（2)　begin,start用進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)，后面動(dòng)詞用不定式to doI was beginning to get angry。s birthday party.(不定式作主語(yǔ))It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主語(yǔ))I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作賓語(yǔ))Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired (不定式作定語(yǔ))He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作狀語(yǔ))在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng)，如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時(shí)兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)⒊動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)(1)時(shí)態(tài)①一般式：動(dòng)名詞的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作可以是泛指，也可與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前或之后，如：We are interested in collecting stamps.I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.We are not afraid of dying.②完成式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，如：Imagine having travelled on the moon.We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.(2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)①如果動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)名詞要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有一般式與完成式之分，如：The young man came in without being noticed.He prided himself on having never been beaten in class.②有些動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式，但表示被動(dòng)意義，如：The bike needs repairing.If a thing is worth doing,it is worth doing well.⒋在口語(yǔ)中，為避免重復(fù)，常用“to”代替不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)甚至可以把to省略，如：①Did you go to visit the Great WallNo,I wanted to,but there wasn39。s quite necessary for us to read more and have more practice.⒎“to”在下列短語(yǔ)中是“介詞”，后接動(dòng)名詞或名詞形式，如：devote…to,face up to(勇敢地面對(duì)),look forward to(盼望),object to(反對(duì)),take to(養(yǎng)成習(xí)慣，對(duì)……感興趣；開(kāi)始從事某種活動(dòng)),be used to(習(xí)慣于)等。被動(dòng)式不定式被動(dòng)式的用法不定式到底用主動(dòng)形式還是被動(dòng)形式，往往取決于句子的意思，即意思上為主動(dòng)就用主動(dòng)形式，意思上為被動(dòng)就用被動(dòng)形式：Did it need to be done so soon? 這事需要這么快就做嗎?She can’t bear to be laughed at. 她受不了被人嘲笑。I believe it to have been a mistake. 我相信這是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。用法只要用于助動(dòng)詞之后和appear，seem之后，但也可以用在happen，pretend以及believe，know，report，say，understand的被動(dòng)式之后：He appears to have been waiting a long ：It appears that he has been waiting a long time.看來(lái)他已經(jīng)等了很久了。to然后不定式. 通常這些動(dòng)詞包含渴望的意思，不能單單在后面加上賓詞和不定式 (though an infinitive alone may work). 這些動(dòng)詞包括 apply, arrange, ask, call, clamour, long, opt, plead, press, vote, wait, wish, yearn.例如:I have arranged for the neighbour to water the plants. （“我已安排好鄰居給植物給水。)I swear to honour you. (我發(fā)誓為你增光。We were to have been married last year. 我們本來(lái)打算去年結(jié)婚的。完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作He seems to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。③hope 和promise之后，或agree，arrange，decide，determine/be determined，plan，undertake之后，但用于hope和promise后更常見(jiàn)：I hope/hoped to be earning my living in a year39。ll try.另外，be going to,ought to,used to等也常用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)中。m sorry to have kept you waiting.We are too young to have seen the old society.③進(jìn)行式：：The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when I came in.They seemed to be discussing something important.(2)語(yǔ)態(tài)如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，如：It39。你想過(guò)這事嗎?　(一種想法)mean doing/to domean to do　打算、想mean doing　意味著I mean to go,but my father would not allow me ，但是我父親不肯讓我去。She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.她生怕被蛇咬著，而不敢在草叢中再走一步。You must try to be more 。I don39。(沒(méi)有做關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作)He forgot turning the light 。如：Our teachers don39。s never too late to mend.　(諺語(yǔ))改過(guò)不嫌晚。He is hard.　(人是困難的，不通，因此應(yīng)用for。s of sb.（1）for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn)，表示客觀形式的形容詞，如easy,hard,difficult,　interesting,impossible等：It39。We39。注意：在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to 不能省掉。作定語(yǔ)⒈不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式在句中作定語(yǔ)，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組（例②）時(shí)，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句（例③），不定 式說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。動(dòng)詞let屬例外，其賓補(bǔ)/主補(bǔ)“to”均無(wú)。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：Acknowledge,　believe,　consider,　think,　declare(聲稱),　dis