【正文】 the bination of two or more than two words to create new words.Exercises * The morpheme “vision” in the mon word “television” is a(n) ___. A. bound morpheme B. bound form C. inflectional morpheme D. free morpheme * The part of speech of the pound is generally determined by the part of speech of ___. A. the first element B. the second element C. either the first or the second element D. both the first and the second element* ____is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. Exercises * ____ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word. A. Prefixes B. Suffixes C. Roots D. Affixes * ____ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists. A. Words B. Morphemes C. Phonemes D. Sentences * “s” in the word “books” is ____. A. a derivative affix B. a stem C. an inflectional affix D. a rootThe word “internationalists” contains ___ morphemes. A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7習(xí)題4Exercises for Lecture X* Syntax is a subfied of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language, including the bination of morphemes into words. * The term syntax came from Latin.* Sentences are posed of sequence of words arranged in a simple linear order, with one adding onto another following a simple arithmetic logic.* Universally found in the grammars of all human languages, syntactic rules that prise the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker are known as linguistic petence.* The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and prehend. * In a plex sentence, the two clauses hold unequal status, one subordinating the other. * Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.* Grammatical sentences are formed following a set of syntactic rules. * Minor lexical categories are open because these categories are not fixed and new members are allowed for.* In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are monly recognized and discussed, namely, noun phrase, verb phrase, infinitive phrase, and auxiliary phrase. * In English the subject usually precedes the verb and the direct object usually follows the verb.* What is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a plete list of words and phrases rather than grammatical knowledge. * A noun phrase must contain a noun, but other elements are optional.* It is believed that phrase structure rules, with the insertion of the lexicon, generate sentences at the level of Dstructure.* WHmovement is obligatory in English which changes a sentence from affirmative to interrogative.* The recursiveness of phrasal structural rules shows that language has a property of “being creative”.* A s________ sentence consists of a single clause which contains a subject and a predicate and stands alone as its own sentence. * A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually prises a number of words to form a plete statement, question or mand. * A s______ may be a noun or a noun phrase in a sentence that usually precedes the predicate. * The part of a sentence which prises a finite verb or a verb phrase and which says something about the subject is grammatically called p____.* A c_________ sentence contains two, or more, clauses, one of which is incorporated into the other.* In the plex sentence, the incorporated or subordinate clause is normally called an e_______ clause.* Major lexical categories are o___ categories in the sense that new words are constantly added.* A _____ Condition on case assignment states that a case assignor and a case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.* P_______ are syntactic options of UG that allow general principles to operate in one way or another and contribute to significant linguistic variations between and among natural languages.* The theory of C_____condition explains the fact that noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions.* A sentence is considered ____ when it does not conform to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers. A. right B. wrong C. grammatical D. ungrammatical* A __________ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A. coordinator B. particleC. preposition D. subordinator * Phrase structure rules have ____ properties. A. recursive B. grammatical C. social D. functional* Phrase structure rules allow us to better understand _____________. A. how words and phrases form sentences. B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words C. how people produce and recognize possible sentences D. All of the above. * Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called ________. A. transformational rulesB. generative rules C. phrase structure rules D. xbar theory* The theory of case condition accounts for the fact that __________. A. noun phrases appear only in subject and object positions. B. noun phrases can be used to modify another noun phrase C. noun phrase can be used in adverbial positions D. noun phrase can be moved to any place if necessary. * The sentence structure is ________. A. only linearB. Only hierarchical C. plexD. both linear and hierarchical* The syntactic rules of any language are ____ in number. A. large B. smallC. finite D. infinite * The ________ rules are the rules that group words and phrases to for