對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)綜合考研真題及詳解(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 o survive；and rent controls were supposed to protect those who were renting when the demand for apartments exceeded the supply, and landlords were preparing to “gouge” their tenants.Despite the frequent use of price controls，however，and despite their appeal，economists are generally opposed to them，except perhaps for very brief periods during emergencies. The reason most economists are skeptical about price controls is that they distort the allocation of resources. Price ceilings，which prevent prices from exceeding a certain maximum，cause shortages. Price floors. which prohibit prices below a certain minimum，cause surpluses，at least for a time. Because controls prevent the price system from rationing the available supply，some other mechanism must take its place. A queue，once a familiar sight in the controlled economies of Eastern Europe，is one possibility.With all of the problems generated by controls，We can well ask why they are ever imposed and why they are sometimes maintained for so long. The answer，in part，is that the public does not always see the links between controls and the problems they create. General price controlscontrols on prices of many goodsare often imposed when the public bees alarmed that inflation is out of control. However，most inflation，even in wartime，is due to inflationary monetary and fiscal policies rather than to panic buying. Inflation is extremely difficult to contain through general controls，in part because the attempt to limit control to a manageable sector of the economy is usually hopeless. By examining cases in which controls have prevented the price mechanism from working，we gain a better appreciation of its usual elegance and efficiency. This does not mean that there are no circumstances in which temporary controls may be effective. But a fair reading of economic history shows just how rare those circumstances are.答：價(jià)格管制自古以來政府就試圖設(shè)定最高價(jià)或者最低價(jià)。在東歐管制經(jīng)濟(jì)體制下，一度令人熟悉的排隊(duì)搶購(gòu)就是價(jià)格控制常見的結(jié)果。2. The future of Chinese Mamp。s leading producer of greenhouse emissions and is in desperate need of lesspolluting power sources. But no less important is the fact that China regards clean energy as one of the most promising new sectors in which no country has a huge advantage over the others. China thus feels it can leverage massive potential demand in its domestic market to bee a global industry leader. Technology of any kind will be a prime target of Chinese Mamp。s sovereign wealth fund, has bee more active in accessing resource deals. Companies directly involved in the resources sector are likely to chase smaller equity stakes, although this should generate higher volumes overall, some observers say. In terms of Mamp。這并不意味著在任何情況下臨時(shí)的價(jià)格管制都是無效的。價(jià)格上限，即價(jià)格不可逾越的某一最大值，會(huì)引起短缺；價(jià)格下限，即價(jià)格不能低于某一最小值，至少在一段時(shí)間里會(huì)導(dǎo)致過剩。答：限于篇幅原因，想要查看完整版真題解析點(diǎn)擊加入經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)考研備戰(zhàn)群六、論述題（每題15分，共30分）1．試述近年來中國(guó)經(jīng)常賬戶順差快速增長(zhǎng)的原因、影響及調(diào)整對(duì)策。道義勸告是指中央銀行運(yùn)用自己在金融體系中的特殊地位和威望，通過對(duì)銀行及其他金融機(jī)構(gòu)的勸告，影響其貸款和投資方向，以達(dá)到控制信用的目的。當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)向顯示出總支出不足，因而失業(yè)有持續(xù)增加的趨勢(shì)時(shí)，中央銀行在公開市場(chǎng)買進(jìn)政府債券，使政府債券價(jià)格提高到現(xiàn)有市場(chǎng)價(jià)格以上，而債券價(jià)格的上漲就等于利率的下降。（2）貨幣政策的手段主要有以下幾種：①再貼現(xiàn)率政策通常把
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