【正文】 around. over: surpass or go beyondacross the desertthrough the woodsHe swam across the river.The train went through a tunnel.The plane flew over the city. Across, over, beyond across: general opposite side over: opposite side with barriers between“beyond: opposite side far awayHe lives across the street.town and villages over the mountainsThere is a lake beyond this mountain. V. + sb. + prep. + the + a part of the bodyon: solid partin: soft partby: side part Prepositions relating to time at, on, inat: nondurative, points of timeon: days or periods of a specific dayin: periods longer or shorter than a daysix o’clockat midnighthis uncle’s deathSundayTuesdays and Fridayson May 23, 1988Saturday afternoonsChristmas Daythe morning / the afternoon / the eveningthe day / the nightthe days / weeks / months /years that followedin spring / summer / autumn / winter1996the 21st centurythe Stone Age*Note that “at” can also be used for days, in which case the periods are still conceived as points of time.We look forward to her arrival at Christmas.He was murdered at the bank holiday. for, sincefor + length of time: how long sth. has continued (perfective)since + a point of time: when sth. began. (perfective)We have been waiting for half an hour.We have been waiting since 6 o’clock.We haven’t been to the theatre since months ago.I haven’t seen James for almost one year. ago, beforeago: a past time measured from the present (simple past)before: a past time measured from the more resent past (past perfective)I passed my GRE test six months ago.They moved to a new house some time ago.Tom left the pany last year. He’d started work there ten years before.I finally received a reply to the application I had applied for the scholarship weeks before. in, afterin + length of time: the time it takes to plete sth. (durative verb)a future time measured from the present (nondurative verb)after + a point of time / an event Columbus crossed the Atlantic in seventy days.Surely you can change a wheel in fifteen minutesYour photos will be ready in half an hour.The exhibition hall will open in six weeks.The train will be leaving in a few minutes. during, in: during, in: the time in which sth. happened*With a “time word”, we can use either in or during:It must have rained in / during the night.I’ll phone you sometime during / in the afternoon.*the noun after “during” must be premodified with a determiner。It gives me a great pleasure to be here with you today.今天能和你在一起使我非常榮幸。 Word AddingBesides making conversion among different word classes, we may also need to add or delete some words in the process of translation. Word Adding doesn’t means to add words to a sentence out of the air, but add the words whose meanings are implied between words. In quite a few cases, the verbs or adjectives which should be collocated with the prepositions in the sentence did not occurred. If we do the translation rigidly following the structure of the original sentence, it would be hard to make the meaning of the original sentence clear and even misleading to readers. In this occasion, the method of Word Adding need to be adopted.Eg: In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and table tennis exhibitions, he work on the drafting of the final muniqu233。For all her effort, she didn’t get an A.她雖然盡了一切努力,但還是沒得優(yōu)。E: Deconstructing prepositional phrases into Purpose ClausesEg: This body of knowledge is customarily divided for convenience of study into the classifications: mechanics, heat, light, electricity and sound.為了便于研究起見,通常將這門科學(xué)分為力學(xué),熱學(xué),光學(xué),電學(xué)和聲學(xué)。Most substances expand on heating and contract on cooling.大多數(shù)物質(zhì)熱脹冷縮。Mr. Shults on Wednesday reiterated the administration’s counterargument that the defenses were still needed as insurance against cheating.舒爾茨先生在星期三重申了政府的反對理由:為了確保不至受騙,這些防御系統(tǒng)仍然是重要的。The signal has shown the machine in good order.信號表明機器沒有毛病。Keep off the grass.不要踐踏草坪。D. Quite a few “of phrase” acted as the attributive in a sentence, and the “of (??的)” in the sentence could be omitted in translation.Eg:Some of the properties of cathode rays listed below.現(xiàn)將陰極射線的一些特性并列如下。Many water power stations have been built in the country.我國已建成許多水電站。D: Deconstructing prepositional phrases into Cause ClausesEg: He felt very weak from lack of sleep.由于缺乏睡眠他感到軟弱無力。(here “to” means “related to”)So, a good mand of the collocation between prepositions and verbs and adjectives is the prerequisite for the adoption of Word Adding and correct understanding of relevant prepositions. DeconstructionPrepositional phrases used as adverbials may sometimes be the simplified form of an adverbial clause. Some prepositional phrases are the simplified form of coordinated clauses. So, we can deconstruct the prepositional phrases into segments and translate those small parts respectively.A: Deconstructing prepositional phrases into coordinated clauses Eg: The porous wall acts as a kind of seine for separating.多孔壁的作用就像一把篩子,它把不同質(zhì)量的分子分開。E. Some of the prepositions that does not containing a sense of action sometimes need to be converted to verb for the purpose of passage cohesion and accuracy in translation. Most of the prepositions that contain a sense of action, such as across, past, toward, often need to be converted to verb in translation.Eg: Party officials worked long hours on meagre food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.黨的干部吃簡陋的飲食,住寒冷的窯洞,靠微弱的燈光, 長時間地工作。They often work through the day without anything to eat.他們常常不吃東西而工作一天。)Her hair hang about her neck. (她的頭發(fā)垂在脖子的左右?！盓nglish preposition is free morpheme and occurring before nouns and pronouns to show the correlations among them, so it is also called as Function Word. It’s meaningless for an individual preposition and it need to be collocated with other words to achieve the various s