【正文】 建筑負(fù)荷計算； (5)單相負(fù)荷計算。采用需要系數(shù)法時，應(yīng)首先確定用電設(shè)備組的設(shè)備容量 。保證電源質(zhì)量及保證電源電壓質(zhì)量和保證電源頻率質(zhì)量。用于防止觸及故障情況下帶電的電氣線路和設(shè)備外殼、套管或其他外露可導(dǎo)電部分引起的人身受電事故的保護，稱為防間接電擊保護。一個成功的住宅照明往往經(jīng)過妥善設(shè)計與巧妙的安排。 另外，在住宅照明設(shè)計中，應(yīng)根據(jù)使用性質(zhì) ,功能要求和使用條件 ,按不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別取值 . 住宅內(nèi)照度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所規(guī)定的照度，是指工作面上的平均維護照度 ,若設(shè)計未加指明時 ,以距地 的參考水平面作為工作面。對于房間的照明設(shè)計，我們也應(yīng)該從美觀的角度選擇、布置燈具，使之符合人們的審美習(xí)慣。對一、二類防雷建筑物內(nèi)平行或交叉敷設(shè)的金屬管道，其凈距小于 100mm 時，應(yīng)采用金屬線跨接，是防止電磁感應(yīng)所造成的電位差能將小空隙擊穿，而產(chǎn)生電火花，每隔≤ 30m 做好接地。豎直敷設(shè)的金屬管道及金屬物的頂端和底端與防雷裝置可靠連接，目的是在于等電位，并且由于兩端連接使其與引下線形成 并聯(lián)線路，使雷電流更訊速的入地。 第三類防雷建筑物防雷的措施 :宜采用裝設(shè)在建筑物上的避雷網(wǎng)（帶）或避雷針或由這兩種混 合組成的接閃器 。據(jù)統(tǒng)計我國電氣火災(zāi)已躍居火災(zāi)起因的第一位，為此不得不對現(xiàn)有住宅線路進行改造。在照度計算當(dāng)中，先計算出每個房間的面積，通過表格查出單位面積安裝功率，計算出所需燈具的功率和數(shù)量。 When the cable line is, should use two root cable power supply, each root can bear 100% of the secondary load [1]. 3, level 3 load: Do not belong to the first and second load should be level 3 load. Level 3 load to the power supply and no special requirements. load calculation Load level is different, the power supply requirements is different, the power supply transformer capacity requirements are different. In order to determine the capacity of the power transformer, must the putational load capacity. load calculation method The putational load method: (1) according to the demand factor method to determine the putational load。 3, should meet cutoff condition of dynamic stability and thermal stability, select the circuit breaker off short circuit current yes onoff ability。s aesthetic habits. (4) the principle of economy, on the one hand, the energy conservation, on the other hand is to save illumination calculation With a layer of a room for the rest of the same cases Reference standards: the architectural lighting design standards/GB500342020 Reference manual: the lighting design manual the second version: Calculation methods: utilization coefficient average illumination method 1. The room parameters The room categories:, intensity of illumination required value: LX, power density of not more than W/m2 The room name: office type A Room length L: m Room width B: m Calculation height H: m Ceiling reflection ratio (%) : Wall reflectance (%) : Ground reflectance (%) : Chamber shape coefficient RI: 2. Lamps and lanterns parameters: Type: philips TLD36W / 29 Single lamp light source number: 2 Light lamps and lanterns: 2975 lm Lamps and lanterns light source power: W Ballast type: TLD standard Ballast power: 3. Other parameters: Utilization factor: Maintenance factor: Illumination requirement: LX Power density requirements: W/m2 4. The calculation results: AUKNE /?? (31) )/( UKEAN ?? (32) Among them: Φ light lm N light source quantity U utilization coefficient A face area of m2 K lamps and lanterns maintenance factor Results: Suggest lamps and lanterns number: 4 Calculation illumination: LX The actual installation power = number of lamps and lanterns... (total light source power + ballast power) = W The actual power density: W/m2 Reduced power density: W/m2 5. Check result: For the average illuminance: LX The actual calculation average illuminance: LX Meet the specification illumination requirements! Request power density: W/m2 The actual power density: W/m2 Conform to the standard energy requirements! Other room according to this method the calculation. Table 31 lamps and lanterns quantity calculation The room category Illumination requirements length（ m） wide （ m） quantity Type A office 300lx 9 4 4 Type B office 300lx 20 8 17 TypeC office 300lx 11 8 10 4 building lightning protection design the building lightning protection measures and classification A, the direct lightning protection measures, general design personnel are very clear. However, with the development of science and technology, the popularity of electronic equipment, lightning protection induction and thunder electric wave invasion in the design must also be clear, and gradually perfect form a lightning protection work. 1. Lightning induction lightning discharge, nearby conductor from electrostatic induction and electromagic induction, which might make between metal parts produced sparks. Therefore protected structures within the metal ground, is the main measures of lightning induction. First of all, is to do a good job in equipotential connection. For one, two kind of lightning protection buildings parallel or cross laying metal pipe, the clear distance less than 100 mm, should use wire jumper, is to prevent the potential difference caused by electromagic induction to the small gap breakdown, and produce electric spark, every 30 m or less well grounded. 2. Thunder electric wave invasion due to lightning overhead or metal pipe role, thunder electric wave along the pipeline may into the house and endanger personal safety or damage to the equipment. Therefore, well into the line lightning protection, pletes the grading ring and prevent sideswipe thunder lightning wave invasion is the main measures. One, two kind of lightning protection building low pressure into line by buried in all, the line overhead into indoor not less than 15 m a paragraph should change cable (metal armoured cable buried, sheath cable wear steel tube) into the door, and in the overhead and cable in it to lightning protection. Second lightning protection construction when overhead directly into, in addition to a place with lightning arrester, and will go to door device iron piece to the ground, near the building two root pole on the iron parts should also be well grounded, and impact grounding resistance acuities 30 Ω, all weak current into line with high voltage protection shall be in line. Lightning protection building to do grading ring and prevent sideswipe thunder protection. Grading ring from three layers of beginning, ring vertical distance between 12 m or le