【正文】
: a. However, it remains unclear whether… b. It would thus be of interest to learn how… c. If these results could be confirmed, they would provide strong evidence for … d. These findings suggest that this treatment might not be so effective when applied to… e. It would seem, therefore, that further investigations are needed in order to… 指出或暗示了知識領域里的空白,或提出了問題或假設之后,下一步理所當然應該告訴讀者本研究的目的和內容,要解決哪些問題,以填補上述空白,或者證明所提出的假設。 (2)動詞時態(tài) 文獻綜述中最常見的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時三種時態(tài)。 引言與摘要還有一點不同的是,摘要中必須把主要研究結果列出,而在引言中 (如果摘要與正文一同登出 )結果則可以省略不寫,這是因為正文中專門有一節(jié)寫結果 (results),不必在引言中重復。這是因為作者對有關學科領域的熟悉程度,作者的知識是淵博、還是貧乏,研究的意義何在、價值如何等問題,都在引言的字里行間得以充分體現(xiàn)。(Introduction)是對全文內容和結構的總體勾畫。經(jīng)驗告訴我們,引言其實是全文最難寫的 — 部分。研究目的可能會比較簡短。常見的評價性動詞有: affirm, allege, argue, assume,claim, imply, maintain, presume, reveal, suggest 等。如 : a. The research has tended to focus on… , rather than on… b. These studies have emphasized… , as opposed to… c. Although considerable research has been devoted to… , rather less attenti