【正文】 to remove distractions, to be patient, and to empathize with the talker.?adverse selection Adverse selection occurs when an insurance pany has ?a disproportionately high percentage of insureds who will make claims in ?the future. Adverse selection often results when people are given a? chance to buy insurance without prescreening, which often means that a ?higher than normal proportion have a condition that is likely to cause ?them to be frequent claimants.?affirmative action programs Affirmative action programs are detailed plans? developed by employers to undo the results of past employment discrimination, or to ensure equal opportunity in the future.?Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (as amended) This act prohibits discrimination on employment because of age against those who ?are 40 and older.?American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organization?(AFLCIO) The AFLCIO is a federation of most national unions. It ?exists to provide a unified focal point for the labor movement, to assist? national unions, and to influence government policies that affect members and working people.?applied research Applied research is a study of practical problems, the solutions of which will lead to improved performance.?arbitration Arbitration is the submission of a dispute to a neutral third ?party.?assessment centers Assessment centers are a standardized form of employee ?appraisal that relies on multiple types of evaluation and multiple raters.?associate membership Associate membership in a labor organization allows ?people who are not employed under a union contract to affiliate with a? union by paying fees and dues in return for unionsupported benefits.?attitude surveys Attitude surveys are systematic methods of determining ?what employees think about their organization. The surveys are usually? done through questionnaires. Attitude survey feedback results when the ?information collected is reported back to the participants. This process ?then is usually followed by action planning to identify and resolve specific ?areas of employee concern.?attrition Attrition is the loss of employees who leave the organization39。s working life.?career counseling Career counseling assists employees in finding appropriate career goals and paths.? career development Career development consists of those experiences and ?personal improvements that one undertakes to achieve a career plan.?career goals Career goals are the future positions that one strives to reach.? These goals serve as benchmarks along one39。s emotional problems, deciding with the employee what should? be done, and then telling and motivating the employee to do it. (See non ?directive counseling.)?discipline Discipline is management action to encourage pliance with? the organization39。s job.?fair employment practices Fair employment practices are state and local ?laws that prohibit employer discrimination in employment against members of protected classes.?Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (FLSA) FLSA is a prehensive federal ?law affecting pensation management. It sets minimum wage, overtime? pay, equal pay, child labor, and recordkeeping requirements.?Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service (FMCS) The FMCS was created ?by the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 to help labor and management resolve negotiation impasses peacefully through mediation and? conciliation without resort to a strike. The FMCS also is a course of ?qualified labor arbitrators.?feedback Feedback is information that helps evaluate the success or failure? of an action or system.?field experiment A field experiment is research that allows the researchers ?to study employees under realistic conditions to learn how experimental? and control subjects react to new programs and to other changes.?field review method The field review method requires skilled representatives? of the personnel department to go into the field and assist supervisors ?with their ratings. Often it is the personnel department39。s eligible workers regardless of whether they are ?skilled, semiskilled, or unskilled.?inhouse plaint procedures Inhouse plaint procedures are organizationally developed methods for employees to register their plaints about various aspects of the organization.?job analysis Job analysis systematically collects, evaluates, and organizes ?information about jobs.?job analysis schedule Job analysis schedules are checklists or questionnaires? that seek to collect information about jobs in a uniform manner. (They ?are also called job analysis questionnaires.)?job banks Job banks exist in state employment offices. They are used to ?match applicants with job openings.?job code A job code uses numbers, letters, or both to provide a quick summary of the job and its content.?job description A job description is a written statement that explains the ?duties, working conditions, and other aspects of a specified job.?job enlargement Job enlargement means adding more tasks to a job in order ?to increase the job cycle.?job enrichment Job enrichment means adding more responsibilities, autonomy, and control to a job.?job evaluations Job evaluations are systematic procedures to determine the? relative worth of jobs.?job families Job families are groups of different jobs that require similar ?skills.?JobFlo JobFlo is a monthly report of frequently listed openings from job ?banks throughout the country.?job grading Job grading is a form of job evaluation that assigns jobs to predetermined classifications according to the job39。s contribution plans plus interest will? cover its obligation.?funded retirement plans A funded retirement plan is one in which the employer sets aside sufficient money to meet the future pay out requirements.?gainsharing Gainsharing matches an improvement (gain) in pany performance to some distribution (sharing) o