全國高等教育電子商務英語自學考試(存儲版)
【正文】 now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful oute.Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on” a display of lights —and indeed that they were capable of learning quite plex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many three turns to one side.Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.38. According to the author, babies learn to do things which ____. A. are directly related to pleasure B. will meet their physical needsC. will bring them a feeling of success D. will satisfy their curiosity39. In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ____. A. have the lights turned on B. be rewarded with milkC. please their parents D. be praised40. The babies would “smile and bubble” at the lights because ____. A. the lights were directly related to some basic “drives” B. the sight of the lights was interestingC. they need not turn back to watch the lightsD. they succeeded in “switching on” the lights四、單詞漢譯英（本大題共15小題，每小題1分，共15分）根據(jù)給出的漢語詞義和規(guī)定的詞類寫出相應的英語單詞。狐貍有嬰兒飛行一年一次,生只有一次一個人說。 Several regions in the world are subject 21 storms which are so severe that they cause damage on a tremendous 22 . The regions are all located on the edges of great oceans. The general term for such severe storms is ‘cyclone’. The term ‘hurricane’ is 23 for storms that occur in the North Atlantic Ocean.Cyclones and hurricanes differ in one curious way: in a cyclone, the wind 24 in a clockwise direction。這是一個特大號的蝙蝠,有一只狐貍的頭上,吃水果,而不是昆蟲。有時一個嬰兒蝙蝠會落在地上,尖叫聲(尖叫)尋求幫助。41. 抵押 v. amp。（the more, the more）79. 電子商務的交易通常涉及幾個互動的步驟。It has been a tumultuous time for dot startups. In fact, Gartner, Inc. estimates that over 75% of emerce startups will end in failure. (71) While it is tempting to blame prevailing market conditions for this failure rate, the fact is that early planning ultimately determines the potential suc
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