【正文】 e Han Dynasty (206 BCAD 220). Traditionally, people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega, which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu. The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way. Customs In bygone days, Qixi was not only a special day for lovers, but also for girls. It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters39。is going on in Beijing, the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history. The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent. It connected the West and East by linking traders, merchants, pilgrims, monks, soldiers, nomads, and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time. I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here. We became colleagues. And there was nothing special happening during that year. He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me. But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me. There was only a glass between us. So actually we could see each other when we both look up. But it is not the main reason that really draws us close. How we bee close to each other was something seems quite natural. We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while. He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous. Then one day, to my great surprise, I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk. It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day, and I thought it was her who put the flower there. But the truth is not. It was the humble guy sitting in front of me. He just simply said ,”well, I caught sight of this flower and thought that it’s beautiful and you may like it”. I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present. Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me. I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happened there. Then later on, there were some little surprises once in a while. Once, there was something wrong with my drawer and I had plained about it unconsciously. And he fixed it for me. Then the other day, he placed several pink diamond roses beside the flower with a piece of paper saying” I love you more than I can say! Diamond stands for marriage, rose stand for love. I hope you are mine, bee my wife. You are the only girl who I really want to spend the rest of my life to stand by.” Although there were some grammar errors but I got what he meant. He meant so clear and so direct. s time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If itll本文是在舒強老師的指導(dǎo)下完成的，在這里要感謝趙舒強老師的悉心指導(dǎo)和嚴(yán)格的要求，在整個設(shè)計過程中碰到了不少困難，有很多不明白的 地方，老師都提供很多方案予以解決。，并且根據(jù)兩種算法設(shè)計了相應(yīng)的VI，在LabVIEW平臺上實現(xiàn)了圖像分割的功能。 (a) 原始圖的灰度圖 (b) 圖像的灰度直方圖 (c) 雙峰法 閾值T=95 (d) 大津法 閾值T=94圖 雙峰法與大津法分割比較(b)的灰度直方圖算是比較典型的“兩峰一谷”狀，可以使用雙峰法來分割圖像，并且可以達(dá)到比較良好的結(jié)果，但從結(jié)果上來看，大津法選取的閾值和雙峰法選取的閾值差不多，效果基本一致。 灰度直方圖 圖像二值化程序利用條件結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)選取的閾值，將像素點逐一進(jìn)行二值化，然后將二值化后的像素點重新繪制成圖像，就實現(xiàn)了圖像的二值化分割。+ 每個灰度對象都具有從 0%（白色）到100%（黑色）的亮度值。SMT表面貼裝：SMT工藝與設(shè)備、焊接設(shè)備、測試儀器、返修設(shè)備及各種輔助工具及配件、SMT材料、貼片劑、膠粘劑、焊劑、焊料及防氧化油、焊膏、 清洗劑等；再流焊機、波峰焊機及自動化生產(chǎn)線設(shè)備。首先，焊縫追蹤需要滿足焊接工藝的完全自動化。對于大型復(fù)雜的工業(yè)自動化和控制系統(tǒng)，有專門的LabVIEW 數(shù)據(jù)記錄和監(jiān)控模塊，用于監(jiān)控多通道I /O、與工業(yè)控制器和網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行通信，以及提供基于PC 機的控制。LabVIEW具有如下特點：1)它提供了“所見即所得”的可視化圖形編程技術(shù)建立人機界面，提供了大量的儀器面板中的控制對象，如按鈕、開關(guān)、指示器、圖表等；2)它使用圖標(biāo)表示功能模塊，連線表示模塊間的數(shù)據(jù)傳遞，并且用線型和顏色區(qū)別數(shù)據(jù)類型，用數(shù)據(jù)流程圖式的語言書寫程序代碼，這樣使得編程過程與人的思維過程非常接近；3)它提供了程序調(diào)試的功能，可以在源代碼中設(shè)置斷點，單步執(zhí)行源代碼，可在連線上設(shè)置探針，觀察程序執(zhí)行過程的數(shù)據(jù)流變化，大大簡化了調(diào)試工作量；4)它采用了編譯方式運行32位應(yīng)用程序，使得它的執(zhí)行速度可與VC等開發(fā)程序相媲美。0+ω1181。因為在實際圖像分割中，總有可能存在把背景誤分為目標(biāo)區(qū)域，或者把目標(biāo)誤分為背景區(qū)域。 自適應(yīng)閾值算法在許多情況下，圖像背景的灰度值并不是 常數(shù)，物體和背景的對比度在圖像中也有變化。 (a) 原始圖像 (b) 分割后的圖像 (c) 原始圖像直方圖 雙峰法閾值分割峰谷閾值分割的優(yōu)點是實現(xiàn)簡單，對于不同類別的物體灰度值相差較大時，它能有效地對圖像進(jìn)行分割。設(shè)原始圖像為f（x，y），按照一定準(zhǔn)則在f（x，y）中找到某一個灰度值，該灰度值便是進(jìn)行分割時的閾值T，將圖像分割為兩個部分，分割后的圖像為 (22)如取=0（黑），=255（白），即為通常所說的圖像二值化分割。圖像閾值化的目的就是按照灰度級，對像素集合進(jìn)行劃分，得到的子集形成一個與現(xiàn)實景物相對應(yīng)的區(qū)域，各個區(qū)域的內(nèi)部具有一致的屬性，可以通過一個或多個閾值實現(xiàn)。但是，分裂合并技術(shù)可能會使分割區(qū)域的邊界破壞。(2)算法的高效性和準(zhǔn)確性。還可以用概率統(tǒng)計，類間方差等優(yōu)化方法對更為復(fù)雜的情況進(jìn)行分割。[3] 閾值分割法閾值分割法是一種簡單有效的圖像分割方法，其基本思想就是用一個或多個閾值將圖像的灰度級分成幾部分，灰度值在同一類的像素屬于同一目標(biāo)。近年來還提出了基于曲面擬合的方法，基于邊界曲線擬合的方法。不同的圖像分割方法總有在各種約束條件之間找到適當(dāng)?shù)钠胶恻c。 圖像分割方法綜述圖像分割是把圖像分割成若干個特定的、具有獨特性質(zhì)的區(qū)域并提取出感興趣目標(biāo)的技術(shù)和過程，這些特性可以是像素的灰度、顏色、紋理等，提取的目標(biāo)可以是對應(yīng)的單個區(qū)域，也可以是對應(yīng)的多個區(qū)域。[1]實際的圖像處理和分析都是面向某種應(yīng)用的，所以上述條件中的各種關(guān)系也要視具體情況而定。如果強調(diào)分割區(qū)域的同性質(zhì)約束，則分割區(qū)域很容易產(chǎn)生大量小孔和不規(guī)整邊緣；若強調(diào)不同區(qū)域間性質(zhì)差異的顯著性，則容易造成不同區(qū)域的合并。LabVIEW將使用者從煩瑣的程序設(shè)計中解放出來，而將注意力集中在測量等物理問題本身。虛擬儀器技術(shù)是基于計算機的儀器及測量技術(shù)。關(guān)于圖像分割的方法已有上千種，本文將介紹幾種主流的方法，并分析各自的特性，利用LabVIEW平臺實現(xiàn)兩種閾值方法分割圖像，展現(xiàn)實驗現(xiàn)象，比較兩種方法的處理結(jié)果。圖像識別的基礎(chǔ)是圖像分割，其作用是把反映物體真實情況的，占據(jù)不同區(qū)域的，具有不同性質(zhì)的目標(biāo)區(qū)分開來，并形成數(shù)字特性。圖像分割是圖像識別和圖像理解的基本前提步驟，圖像分割質(zhì)量的好壞直接影響后續(xù)圖像處理的效果，甚至決定其成敗，因此，圖像分割的作用是至關(guān)重要的。LabVIEW的使用者是各個領(lǐng)域的工程技術(shù)人員，而非計算機專業(yè)人員。大多數(shù)圖像分割方法只是部分滿足上述特征。（4）P()=false，分割出的不同區(qū)域的像素不具有一致的特性。屬于統(tǒng)一目標(biāo)的額區(qū)域一般具有相似性，而不同的區(qū)域在邊界出現(xiàn)不連續(xù)性。如果加強分割區(qū)域的同性質(zhì)約束，分割區(qū)域很容易產(chǎn)生大量小空洞和不規(guī)整邊緣:若強調(diào)不同區(qū)域間性質(zhì)差異的顯著性，則極易造成非同質(zhì)區(qū)域的合并和有意義的邊界丟失。最簡單的邊緣檢測方法是邊緣檢測算子，它利用相鄰區(qū)域的像素值不連續(xù)的性質(zhì)，采用一階或二階導(dǎo)數(shù)來檢測邊緣點。即使是用一般的方法找出的邊緣點，用曲線來描述它們以便于高層處理也是經(jīng)常被采納的一種有效的方式。如果物體同背景的差別在圖像中存在區(qū)域變化，那么可以采用自適應(yīng)閾值的方法，使得用于劃分的閾值隨著物體和背景差別的變化而變化，盡量保持清楚的劃分。區(qū)域生長算法的研究重點:(l)特征度量和區(qū)域增長規(guī)則的設(shè)計。分裂合并方法不需要預(yù)先指定種子點，它的研究重點是分裂和合并規(guī)則的設(shè)計。閾值分割法是一種基于區(qū)域的圖像分割技術(shù)，其基本原理是：通過設(shè)定不同的特征閾值，把圖像像素點分為若干類。基于閾值的圖像分割中經(jīng)常采用這樣一種假設(shè)：目標(biāo)或背景內(nèi)的相鄰像素間的灰度值是相似的，但不同目標(biāo)或背景的像素在灰度上存在差異。，對于還有細(xì)胞的醫(yī)學(xué)圖像，細(xì)胞的灰度通常比背景的灰度低得多，；根據(jù)經(jīng)驗可以明顯地看出直方圖具有兩