【正文】 ments from Chinese into English. （14 Points）（1）年度報(bào)告是財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告程序中的一部分。B. Reduce net ine, but have no direct effect on cash balances。B. Decrease future earnings per share。C. Failure to make the adjusting entry to record revenue which had been earned butnot yet billed to clients。第一部分為英文部分（共70分），第二部分為中文部分（共80分）。B. $92000 net cash used by investing activities。s wealth。B. Total paidincapital is increased。（2）披露是指披露與財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表主體內(nèi)外相關(guān)的財(cái)務(wù)信息，包括在財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表中使用的存在一種以上選擇的方法，或不常用的方法，或者是創(chuàng)新性的方法。例如，在談應(yīng)收賬款周轉(zhuǎn)率時(shí)就不能僅僅看其自身周轉(zhuǎn)速度的快慢，還應(yīng)該看其對(duì)存貨周轉(zhuǎn)的影響：不能因?yàn)檫^分強(qiáng)調(diào)債權(quán)回收而制約了存貨周轉(zhuǎn)。3. Please read the following passage carefully and fill in each of the blanks with a word most appropriate to the context. （6 points）The purpose of a statement of cash flows is to （ 1 ）information （ 2 ）cash（ 3 ）and cash（ 4 ）during the（ 5 ）. The statement describes the nature of the pany39。C. $92000 net cash used by investing activities。E. None of the above.（8）A pany had sales in both 2001 and 2002 of $200000. Cost of sales for 2001 was $150000. In puting the cost of sales for 2001, an item of inventory purchased in 2001 for $100 was incorrectly written down to current replacement cost of $65. The item is currently selling in 2002 for $180, its normal selling price. As a result of this error:A. Ine for 2001 is overstated。C. The reissuance in treated as an extraordinary item in the corporation’s ine statement。譯文：Disclosure means disclosing relevant financial information inside and outside the pany’s financial statement, including the accounting method used in the financial statements, where more than one method can be chose, or methods seldom used, or creative methods.7. Bonds payable （12 points）On April 30, 2002, XY Company issued $6000000 face amount of 10%, 10year bonds payable, with interest payable each June 30 and December 31. The pany received cash of $ 608400, including the accrued interest from December 31, 2001. XY uses the straightline method of amortizing any discount and premium over the remaining life of the bonds—116 months.Requirement。其局限性在于歷史成本條件下形成的歷史成本信息，在大多數(shù)條件下，難以提供面向未來(lái)的信息，這大大降低了會(huì)計(jì)信息對(duì)于投資者進(jìn)行決策時(shí)的有用性。不管企業(yè)息稅前利潤(rùn)是多少，都要先扣除利息等債權(quán)資本成本，然后才歸屬股權(quán)資本成本，因此企業(yè)利用財(cái)務(wù)杠桿會(huì)對(duì)股權(quán)資本的收益產(chǎn)生一定的影響，有時(shí)會(huì)給股權(quán)資本的所有者帶來(lái)額外的收益即財(cái)務(wù)杠桿利益，有時(shí)可能會(huì)造成一定的損失即財(cái)務(wù)杠桿損失。凈現(xiàn)值的計(jì)算公式為：式中：NPV為凈現(xiàn)值；CF為第t年凈現(xiàn)金流量（t=1~n）；r為資本成本或要求的收益率；n為項(xiàng)目計(jì)算期（包括建設(shè)期和經(jīng)營(yíng)期）；C為初始投資額 凈現(xiàn)值法的決策原則是：如果投資項(xiàng)目的凈現(xiàn)值大于零時(shí)，接受該項(xiàng)目；如果投資項(xiàng)目的凈現(xiàn)值小于零時(shí)，放棄該項(xiàng)目；當(dāng)存在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的項(xiàng)目只能選擇一個(gè)項(xiàng)目時(shí)，選擇凈現(xiàn)值最大的項(xiàng)目。第三，折現(xiàn)率的確定比較困難，而其正確性對(duì)計(jì)算凈現(xiàn)值有著重要的影響。所以在產(chǎn)品計(jì)算上不僅要求按產(chǎn)品品種計(jì)算成本，往往還要求按生產(chǎn)步驟計(jì)算成本。它受命完成某項(xiàng)特定的任務(wù)，并接受企業(yè)提供的為完成這些任務(wù)所需的資源。成本中心的主要考核指標(biāo)是責(zé)任成本。例如，分公司、分廠、事業(yè)部等。一種是將這部分共同成本在各利潤(rùn)中心之間進(jìn)行分配，這樣，利潤(rùn)中心的業(yè)績(jī)報(bào)告中有利潤(rùn)額。同成本中心相同，成本應(yīng)是利潤(rùn)中心的可控成本，收入應(yīng)是利潤(rùn)中心可控制的并且能夠施以影響的收入。凡同時(shí)具備上述三個(gè)條件的成本即為可控成本，屬于成本中心的責(zé)任范圍之內(nèi)。（2）責(zé)任中心根據(jù)企業(yè)內(nèi)部單位的業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)特點(diǎn)和權(quán)責(zé)范圍的大小，一般可分為成本中心、利潤(rùn)中心、投資中心三大類型。3. 簡(jiǎn)述責(zé)任中心的分類，并指出各類責(zé)任中心的主要考核指標(biāo)。按定單或批別組織生產(chǎn)，由于每批產(chǎn)品所使用的材料、人工和加工工藝不同，各批產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)成本通常是可以分開的，分批成本計(jì)算正是根據(jù)這種特點(diǎn)，按照產(chǎn)品的批別或定單歸集和計(jì)算各批產(chǎn)品的制造成本。第三，考慮了投資的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性，因?yàn)橘Y本成本或要求的報(bào)酬率的大小與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大小有關(guān)，投資的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越大，資本成本或要求的報(bào)酬率就越高。答：（1）這種說法是不正確的。產(chǎn)品約當(dāng)完工產(chǎn)量的計(jì)算通常是通過編制產(chǎn)量計(jì)算單來(lái)完成的。若實(shí)際會(huì)計(jì)核算的發(fā)生，就要求會(huì)計(jì)人員在進(jìn)行估計(jì)之前，必須盡可能獲得現(xiàn)實(shí)的、客觀的數(shù)據(jù)。 Issued 10% bonds and invested the proceeds to earn 12%.（3）____________Debt ratio: Declared a cash dividend, to be paid in three months.（4）____________Earnings per share: Declared and paid a 10% stock dividend in Common stock to holders of mon stock.（5）____________Quick ratio: Wrote off an uncollectible account receivable against the allowance account.答案：(1)I (2)I (3)I (4)D (5)N6. Translate the following statements from Chinese into English. （14 Points）（1）年度報(bào)告是財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告程序中的一部分。B. Reduce net ine, but have no direct effect on cash balances。B. Decrease future earnings per share。C. Failure to make the adjusting entry to record revenue which had been earned butnot yet billed to clients。第一部分：英文部分1. Give a brief explanation for the following terms （8 points）（1）Useful life.答：The period of time that a depreciable asset is expected to be useful to the business. This is the period over which the cost of the asset is allocated to depreciation expense.（2）The main elements of the financial statements.答：Assets, Liabilities, Equity, Ine, Expenses（3）The purpose of adjusting entries.答：The purpose of adjusting entries is to assign to each accounting period the appropriate amounts of revenue and expenses. in accordance wi