【正文】
艷 , 任丹亞 , 等 . 西柚果皮中果膠的提取工藝優(yōu)化 [J]. 廣東農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué) , 2022, (18):108–117. [18]食品添加果膠 [S].中國標(biāo)準(zhǔn)出版社 2022, (12):3–4. 內(nèi)江師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì)) 12 聲 明 本人聲明所呈交的畢業(yè)論文是本人在導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行的研究成果。s Shaanxi province pass through a stop on the ancient Silk Road, Gansu39。s Poly Theater. Their show, titled Ulan Muqir on the Grassland, depicted the history and development of the art troupe. Being from the region allowed me to embrace the culture of Inner Mongolia and being a member of the troupe showed me where I belonged, Nasun, the art troupe39。s own path. He urges the reader to find rectitude and lead a moral life. He professes that, only by being self reliant, as opposed to relying on the government and being dictated to by society, can one begin leading a decent and purposeful life. He avers that such a life is the only life worth living. I agree with him. This essay was written during a time of social upheaval in America, and it is rather odd that Emerson authored it, as he was a part of the upper crust of society at the time. It just so happened that he looked around him, at the indolence and the wantonness of the people in his circle。 work lives easier, but I simply could not digest the fact that that was my sole purpose in life. With no family to support, I was the sole beneficiary of my employment: the paycheck, the benefits, the incentives and the rewards were mine alone. Not much of a purpose in being selfserving, is there? While I was a student, I felt I was leading a purposeful life. Learning new things, broadening my horizons, expanding my life experiences all gave my life a zip and drive that I had not felt since being in survival mode when my kids were small. After graduating college I felt oddly deflated… but by then, China was on my horizon. 。s essay titled SelfReliance. If you39。s performers of the troupe still tour the region39。同時(shí), 感謝內(nèi)江師范學(xué)院化學(xué)化工學(xué)院所有的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和老師 們 在 我的大學(xué)生涯里悉心 的指導(dǎo)和幫助, 正 是他們 無私的奉獻(xiàn)才 教會了我如何學(xué)習(xí),如何做人 ,如何做事 。本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過單因素試驗(yàn)和正交試驗(yàn)分析得到菠蘿蛋白酶提取荸薺皮果膠的最佳組合為: 浸提溫度在 55℃ 、水平 溫度( ℃ )/A 料液比 /B 酶用量( ml) /C pH 值 /D 產(chǎn)量 /( g) 提取率 /( %) 1 50 1:18 4 6 2 55 1:22 6 7 3 60 1:25 8 8 4 50 1:25 4 7 5 55 1:18 6 8 6 60 1:22 8 6 7 50 1:22 4 8 8 55 1:25 6 6 9 60 1:18 8 7 K1 K2 K3 R 優(yōu)水平 A2 B1 C2 D3 主次順序 CDAB 優(yōu)組合 A2B1C2D3 內(nèi)江師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì)) 10 浸提料液比為 1:1 %的菠蘿蛋白酶用量為 6mL、浸提 pH為 8,果膠提取率可達(dá)到%,明顯高于正交試驗(yàn)中的各組試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,純度達(dá) %。 內(nèi)江師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì)) 8 圖 5 pH值對提取的影響 Fig. 5 Effect of pH value on Extraction 優(yōu)化與驗(yàn)證 根據(jù)單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果,分別對提取溫度、提取所需的酶體積量、 pH值、提取所需的料液比等因素對果膠提取率最大的 3個(gè)組進(jìn)行 Lg(34)正交試驗(yàn)來優(yōu)化提取荸薺皮中果膠的最佳工藝參數(shù)。 圖 3 溫度對提取的影響 圖 4 料液比對提取的影響 Fig. 3 Effect of temperature on Extraction Fig. 4 Effect of ratio of material to liquid on Extraction 料液比對提取的影響 控制提取溫度為 55℃ ,緩沖溶液的 pH為 6,提取時(shí)間為 ,用 %g/L的菠蘿蛋白酶體積為 6mL,分別控制料液比為 1:1 1:1 1:2 1:2 1:30,測定荸薺果膠的提取率。結(jié)果表明(如圖 1所示): 隨著反應(yīng)時(shí)間的增長 , 果膠的提取率逐漸增高 , 在提取時(shí)間為 時(shí)最好 , 但繼續(xù)隨著提取時(shí)間的延長 , 果膠提取率反而降低,并且在 ~ 時(shí)果膠提取率趨于平緩, 這可能是提取出的果膠隨著提取時(shí)間增長被分解了 , 從提取效率上來講:大量浪費(fèi)時(shí)間卻產(chǎn)量不佳,所以說明浸提時(shí)間以 為最佳 , 浸提時(shí)間過長或過短都會影響荸薺果膠提取率。 儀器 DF101S集熱 式恒溫加熱磁力攪拌器(鄭州長城科技工貿(mào)有限公司) ; TD51臺式低速離心機(jī)(四川蜀科儀器有限公司); pHS3E精密 pH計(jì)(上海儀電科學(xué)儀器股份有限公司); BT323S電子天平(北京賽多利斯儀器系統(tǒng)有限公司);電熱鼓風(fēng)干燥箱(上海一恒科學(xué)儀器有限公司); SHZC型循環(huán)水式多用真空泵(鞏義市英峪儀器廠); 600克搖擺式高速萬能粉碎機(jī)(溫嶺市林大機(jī)械有限公司); HHS2數(shù)顯恒溫水浴鍋(金壇市醫(yī)療儀器廠)。而據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),我國每年約消耗 1500多噸果膠,其中 80%均為國外進(jìn)口;因此對果膠生產(chǎn)工業(yè)進(jìn)行研究生產(chǎn)出優(yōu)質(zhì)果膠,滿足市場需求尤為重要 [2]。 ( 3) 用作乳化穩(wěn) 定劑和增稠劑以及黏結(jié)劑,我國規(guī)定可用于各類食品,按使用需求適量 生產(chǎn)。荸薺皮 。 關(guān)鍵詞 : 菠蘿蛋白酶 。 ( 2) 在醫(yī)藥方面可用作止血劑和代血漿,也可用來治療腹瀉和重金屬中毒等。 ( 5) 多吃荸薺的人牙齒骨骼發(fā)育一般都很好,同時(shí)荸薺也可以促進(jìn)人體內(nèi)的糖、脂肪、蛋白質(zhì)三大物質(zhì)代謝的轉(zhuǎn)化和調(diào)節(jié)人體內(nèi)酸堿度平衡,因此兒童也可以大量食用荸薺。 菠蘿 蛋白酶溶液的配制:精確稱取 ≥500U/mg的 菠蘿 蛋白酶,配成 100mL溶液,現(xiàn)配現(xiàn)用。 荸薺果膠提取率:粗提率 =(粗果膠質(zhì)量 /荸薺皮粉的質(zhì)量) *100% 荸薺果膠的純度計(jì)算:總半乳糖醛酸百分含量 X( %) =( V1+V2) **100%/m2 內(nèi)江師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì)) 6 4 結(jié)果與討論 單因素對荸薺果膠提取的影響 反應(yīng)時(shí)間對提取的影響 控制提取溫度為 55℃ ,緩沖溶液的 pH為 6,料液比為 1:22,用 %g/L的菠蘿蛋白酶6mL;分別控制提取時(shí)間為 1h、 、 、 、 ,測定荸薺果膠的提取率。溫度過低 , 達(dá)不到最大活性 , 溫度過高導(dǎo)致菠內(nèi)江師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì)) 7 蘿蛋白酶酶變性失活 , 使果膠提取率下降 , 影響果膠產(chǎn)量 [1], 故浸提溫度以 55℃ 為佳,浸提溫度過高或過低都會影響荸薺果膠提取率。所以菠蘿蛋白酶液酸度 pH值 為 6 較為合適。 5 結(jié)論 荸薺皮中含有比較豐富的果膠,利用荸薺皮提取果膠,既解決了荸薺帶來的環(huán)境污染問題,又為食品、醫(yī)藥品以及化妝品工業(yè)增加了新的果膠物質(zhì)來源。沒有 王碧 老師的辛勤勞作、不厭其煩,就沒有我論文的順利完成 ,在此表示衷心的感謝 。t just about sharing art with nomadic families but also about gaining inspiration for the music and dance. Ulan Muqir literally translates as red burgeon, and today39。s to e and recapping the key points. This device, not used in the original, is culturally understandable but artistically mediocre. What puzzles me is the two new songs for the opening and end credits. They were written in English, but sung by Chinese with an unfortable accent. They were obviously designed to appeal to an Englishspeaking base, but do not jibe with the Chinese dialogue. Speaking of the dialogue, the English translation, picked apart by some Chinese, is too