【正文】 s occurred last year throughout the country. A simple arithmetic calculation indicates that on average, a crime is being mitted in every 2 seconds. Now the Americans are living in a horrible environment. Their safety and property are threatened by various crimes: robbery, theft, rape, kidnapping, murder, arson, vandalism and violence.by the juvenile and 53% of criminals in jails are youngsters below 25. A poll indicates that about 73% of citizens said they avoided teenagers in streets, ethemselves from crime, according to a released figure, 52% of Americans keep guns at home. But some gun owners turn out to be potential criminals. Some people demand that strict law for gun control be enforced。 and thenagain as soon as evening began to mellow, they must go once more. And he was so sly. He slid along in the deep grass。 but others oppose the ban of gun. No decision is in sight.experts said poverty, unemployment and racial discrimination are the cause of crime. They cited figures to show that 47% of crime cases were mitted by t he black, though they account for only about 12% of the population of the nation . Others argued that about 54% of government and federal government spend billions of dollars each year in maintaining the police departments and jails. But police authorities plain that they have not sufficient criminal insurgence were reported as a result of resentment at overcrowded prisons. Taxpayers plain that they pay more and more tax but receive less and less protection from efforts to search for a solution, so far no participant could put forward a measure that was approved by most of the attendants. A) demonstrate how to prevent crime C) look into the causes of crime D) call for more government efforts 各類考試歷年 試題免費免注冊下載 超 過 2萬套 word文檔試題和答案 17 erm “formal learning” is used in this paper to refer to all learning that takes place in the classroom, irrespective of whether such learning is informed by conservative or progressive ideologies. “Informal learning”, on the other hand, is used to refer to definitions provide the essential, though by no means sole, difference bet ween formal and informal learning. Formal learning is decontextualised from daily life and, indeed, as Scribner and Cole (1973:553) have observed, may actually “promote ways of learning and thinking which often run counter to those nurtured in practical daily life”. A characteristic feature of formal learning is the centrality of activities that are not closely paralleled by activities outside the classroom. The classroom can prepare for, draw on, and imitate the challenges of doing this, language plays a critical role as the major channel for information exchange. “Success” in the classroom requires a student to master this abstract code. As Bernstein (1969:152) noted, the language of the classroom is more similar to the language used by Informal learning, in contrast, occurs in the setting to which it relates, making learning immediately relevant. In this context, language does not occupy such an important role: the child’s experience of learning is more holistic, involving sight, touch, taste, and smell—transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child’s development. Adults or older children who are proficient in the skill or activity provide sometime s unintentionally target models of behaviour in the course of everyday activity. Informal learning, therefore, can take place at any time and is not subject to another critical difference between the two modes of learning. The formal learner is generally motivated by some kind of external goal such as parental approval, social status, and potential 各類考試歷年 試題免費免注冊下載 超 過 2萬套 word文檔試題和答案 18 financial reward. The informal learner, however, tends to be motivated by successful pletion of the task itself and the partial acquisition of adult status. TEXT G First read the question. three approaches mentioned in the passage aim at 3. As a rule, it is essential that the poor’s productive capabilities be mobilized and the conditions for developing these human resources be improved. In this con nection, German development — Structural reform: Structural reform is the preferred approach for reducing poverty because it eliminates the causes of poverty rather than just its symptoms. It is vital that economic, political and social conditions which can alleviate poverty be established at national and international levels. Efforts at international level focus on fair conditions for international trade and petition. At national level, the poor must be helped through structural reform such as the introduction of democratic government, options for independent private enterprise, decentralization and agricultural reform. Development policy tools for realizing such reforms include political dialogue, political advisory services, structural adjustment measures and personnel and material support for reform efforts in the government, business and administrative — Direct measures: Projects of this category are aimed at directly helping the poor and improving their living conditions or increasing their job options and earning potential. Of The material support and advisory services offered by these projects reinforce the poor’s will . Typical direct aid 各類考試歷年 試題免費免注冊下載 超 過 2萬套 word文檔試題和答案 19 savings and loan system for the poorer segments of society and support for women’s —Indirect measures: A project’s beneficiaries its target group are not only often difficult to identify clearly, they are also not necessarily all poor people. In these cases, the project in question must be integrated into one of the partner nation’s overall that aim at reducing poverty. A good illustration of thi