【正文】 1） The question is whether the book is worth reading at all.（問題是這本書是否值得一讀。 I don39。 1） It is wellknown that the earth moves around the sun. 眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。（ 對過去虛擬） But for the sun, there could be no life on the earth. =If it were not for the sun, … 若沒有太陽，地球上就沒有生命。 It is incredible that she should have finished this job. 真令人難以置信，她居然一個人做完了這項工作。 It is requested that I (should) make a speech at the meeting. 有人請求我在會上發(fā)言。（表示事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生。的時候了 ”，含有 “為時已晚 ” 的意思， 表示建議現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該做什么事，從句一般用一般過去時。 2. 與過去的事實相反： 從句用過去完成時，主句的謂語用 would (could, might, should) ＋ have + 過去分詞 If she had left home yesterday she should have arrived here. 如果她昨天就離開家，她早就該到這兒了。 He fell asleep with the candle 。 3) 分詞作狀語時，要特別注意其邏輯主語須 和謂語動詞的主語一致，否則分詞必須有自己的主語。 Admitting your mistake, you can be pardoned. 只要你承認(rèn)錯誤，你就會被寬恕。 (表條件、時間 ) Influenced by his ideas, she joined the revolution too. (=because she was influenced by his ideas, ...) 由于受他思想的影響，她也參加了革命。 He rushed into the burning house．他沖進(jìn)了正在燃燒著的房子。 I don’t regret telling her what I thought．我不后悔給她講過我的想法。 The book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。 It is good playing chess after supper．晚飯后弈棋挺好。 acknowledge 承認(rèn)， cease 停止， mention 說到， admit 承認(rèn)， tolerate 忍受， dislike 不喜歡，advocate 提倡， plete 完成， appreciate 感激， confess 坦白， endure 忍受， avoid 避免， enjoy喜愛， bear 忍受， envy 嫉妒， delay 延遲， escape 逃跑， can’t stand受不了， deny 否認(rèn)， excuse借口， consider 考慮， fancy 幻想， favor 偏愛， mind 介意， miss 錯過， resent 怨恨， finish完成， pardon 原諒， resist 抵抗， five 原諒， permit 允許， imagine 設(shè)想， postpone 延遲，risk 冒險， practise 實踐， suggest 建議， hate 討厭， prevent 阻止， quit 放棄， recall 回想 I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. 我很感激兩年前給我出國學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會 。如： The enemy soldiers had no choice but to surrender. 敵軍沒有選擇只好投降。 My parents have consented to buy me a new electronic dictionary. 我父母同意給我買個新的電子詞典了。 （三）非謂語動詞 所謂非謂語動詞，是指不能作謂語的動詞，也不受主語人稱和數(shù)的限制，但具有動詞的某些特征。 7) 少數(shù)動詞的主動語態(tài)有時有被動的意思 （專業(yè)四級英語重要考點） 例 1： The book is selling remarkably 例 2： The song sounds very beautiful. 這首歌聽起來很優(yōu)美。例如： 1） So far no correct conclusion has been arrived at. 目前還有得出正確的結(jié)論 2） All the rubbish should be got rid of. 所有的垃圾應(yīng)該把它們清除掉。例如： By the time you arrive tonight, she will have been typing for hours. 2. 動詞的語態(tài) 語態(tài)也是 專業(yè)四級 英語的一個考點。例如： No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me. 考點二： 動詞 expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire 等用過去完成時，表示過去的希望、預(yù)期、意圖或愿望等沒有實現(xiàn)。 注意：表示短暫時間動作的詞（如 e, go, die, marry, buy 等）的完成時不能與 for, since 等表示一段時間的詞連用。 I am leaving for Hong Kong when my father came back。與頻率副詞，如 always， constantly， continually， again等連用表示說話人的某種情感色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。 考點三： 幾種替代形式： (1) be to +v 表示計劃安排要做的事，具有“必要”的強(qiáng)制性意義。 My father promised to buy me a puter if I passed that examination. 我父親承諾如果我能通過那次考試，他就給我買臺電腦。 last week。他喜歡在冬天滑冰。 Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分學(xué)生積極參加體育運動。 考點六： many a, more than one + 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，盡管表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，但謂語仍用單數(shù)。例如： The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。 (指同一個人 ) =試比較： The playwright and the director were present at the party last night. 編劇和導(dǎo)演都出席了昨晚的宴會 (指兩個人 ) 考點二： 就近原則： 由 either … or … 。在承認(rèn)錯誤或自我批評時，往往把第一人稱放在第三人稱前、第二人稱后。 例： Acoustics is the science of sound waves and their production, transmission, reception and control. 聲學(xué)是研究聲波及其產(chǎn)生、傳播、接受和控制的科學(xué)。如： a book of my wife’s（我妻子的一本書），而不能說 a funnel of the ship’s. 考點一： 當(dāng)名詞表示地理、國家、城市、時間等詞時，應(yīng)該把它們當(dāng)作有生命的名詞對待，即用 ’s所有格。另外還有雙重屬格，其表現(xiàn)形式為 A of B’s，其中 B 必須是指人的名詞。這些名詞一般為表示學(xué)科、疾病及一些專有名詞，如： economics 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)， measles 麻疹， physics 物理學(xué)， mathematics 數(shù)學(xué)， dynamics 動力 學(xué)， news 新聞， The United States 美國 The New York Times 紐約時報。賓格主要做賓語，也可做賓語補(bǔ)足語和用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，如： Jason, who was afraid that he might lose his job as an employee in the pany, has just had an interview with his employer and asked him for help. 考點二： 人稱代詞的順序：在連續(xù)使用兩個或兩個以上人稱代詞時，通常排列為第二人稱、第三人稱、第一人稱。（鋼鐵表示同一概念） The playwright and director was present at the party last night. 編劇兼導(dǎo)演出席了昨晚的宴會。 考點三： 就遠(yuǎn)原則：當(dāng)主語是 由 with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞組成的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語部分一致。 Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三個星期來做必要的準(zhǔn)備。例如： Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的錢花在書上了。例如： He likes skating in winter。表過去的時間詞有： yesterday。（注意與 be used to doing 短語的區(qū)別： He is used to swimming in winter. ） 考點二： 在時間和條件狀語從句中，代替過去將來時（ would do）。聽聽我的意見，要不然你會考試不及格。 考點一： 表感情色彩，加強(qiáng)語氣。 We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered. 校長進(jìn)來時我們正在討論此事。 He has studied English for 5 years. He has studied English since 1985. So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation. 迄今為止，她還沒有享受過暑假。例如： Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. (2) no sooner +過去完成時 + than +一般過去時（一 … 就 … ）。例如： It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places. （傾盆大雨已下了一個多星期，造成了許多地區(qū)塌方） （ 3）將來完成進(jìn)行時表示在將來某一時刻之前開始的一個動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到將來某一時刻。 2) 被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)形式 時間 一般時 進(jìn)行時 完成時 現(xiàn)在 am asked am being asked is asked is being asked are asked are being asked 過去 was be asked was being asked were be asked were being asked 將來 shall be asked shall have been asked will be asked will have been asked 過去將來 should be asked should have been asked would be asked would have been asked 3) 短語動詞的被動語態(tài) 短語動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)時，通常被看作是一個動詞，后面的介詞或副詞不能拆開或省略。 （ 2） The novel was written by Dickens.（被動語態(tài)） 這本小說是 Dickens 寫得。 It is estimated that nearly 20 persons were killed in this accident. 據(jù)估計有 20人在此次事故中喪生。 I hesitate to spend so much money on the clothes. 我對要花那么多錢買衣服猶豫不決。 4) 主語從句及介詞 but, excep