【正文】 rom thinking? A. Because a long vacation in summer helps to improve people’s mental power. B. Because people tend to be less creative during summer. C. Because summer is a good time for outdoor activities. D. Because mental exertion in the summer heat taxes too much of people’s energy. 15. The certain idea of this passage is ______. A. man’s mental abilities change from season to season B. man’s intelligence varies from place to place C. man should take a long vacation in summer D. if you want to do creative thinking, go to a cool place Passage Two Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage. You don’t need every word to understand the meaning of what you read. In fact, too much emphasis on individual words both slows your speed and reduces your prehension. You will be given the chance to prove this to yourself, but meanwhile, let us look at the implication. First, any habit which slows down you silent reading to the speed at which you speak, or read aloud, is inefficient. If you point to each word as you read, or more your head or form the words with your lips, you read poorly. Less obvious habits also hold back reading efficiency. ONE is “saying” each word silently by moving your tongue or throat or vocal cords。 5. 大小寫錯誤及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號忽略不計。 All of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste. Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and insects but insects but that pollutes water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogenrich fertilizer that helps plants grow but that can wreak havoc on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas. Too many nitrates “ over enrich” these bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water. What’s the Solution? Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water related problems。 about 250 million people a year get sick from water borne diseases. In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical pounds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain pounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.） But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners down the drain。 4. 整體意思完全錯誤，即使結(jié)構(gòu)正確也不得分。 another is “hearing” each word as you read. These are habits which should have been outgrown long ago. The beginning reader is learning how letters can make words, how written words are pronounced, and how sentences are put together. Your reading purpose is quite different。大學(xué)英語讀寫譯（二） 期末測試題（ 2） Part I Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (10 points) Directions: For questions 17, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage。 it is to understand meaning. It has been estimated that up to 75%of the words in English sentences are not really necessary for conveying the meaning .The secret of silent reading is to seek out those key words and phrases which carry the thought, and to pay less attention to words which exist only for the sake of grammatical pleteness. An efficient reader can grasp the meaning from a page at least twice as fast as he can read the passage aloud. Unconsciously perhaps, he takes in a whole phrase or thought unit at a time. If he “says” or “hears” words to himself. They are selected ones, said for emphasis. 16. This passage is mainly about __. A. improving eye movements B. reading more widely C. eliminating poor reading habits D. concentrating while reading 17. Saying each word to yourself as you read ______. A. improves prehension B. increases reading speed C. prevent regression D. hinders reading efficiency 18. You reading purpose should be ______. A. to understand all the words B. to make fewer eye movements C. to understand meaning D. to understand the grammatical structure 19. It has been estimated that up to 75% of words in English sentences are _____. A. grammatically unnecessary B. essential to the meaning C. not absolutely essential to grasp of meaning D. regressed more than once by poor readers 20. Efficient readers usually ______. A. move their heads quickly B. take in whole phrases C. point at key words D. miss some important points for speed Passage Three Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. The prehension passages on this course are designed to help you increase your speed. A higher reading rate, with no loss of prehension, will help you in other subjects as well as English, and the general principles apply to any language. Naturally, you will read every book