【正文】 governments, for instance, would be better off building small scale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea. “More than 1 billion people worldwide don’t have access to basic clean drinking water,” says Gleick. “There has to be a strong push on the part of everyone governments and ordinary peopleto make sure we have a resource so fundamental to life.” 1. That the huge water projects have diverted the rivers causes the Aral Sea to shrink. 2. The construction of massive dams and irrigation projects does more good than harm. 3. The chief causes of water shortage are population growth and water pollution. 4. The problems Americans face concerning water are ground water shrinkage and tap water pollution. 5. According to the passage all water pollutants e from household waste. 6. The people living in the United States will not be faced with water shortages. 7. Water expert Gleick has e up with the best solution to water related problems. 8. According to Peter H. Gleick, by the year 2025, as many as ________ of the world’s people will suffer from water shortages. thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in________. developed countries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be treated in order to avoid________. Part II Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) (40 points) Section A (10 points) Direction: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. Choose one word for each blank from the following words in the blank. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. （ Passage A 和 Passage B 二者選做其一。 3. 整體意思正確但語言有錯(cuò)誤，得 1 分。大學(xué)英語讀寫譯（二） 期末測試題（ 2） Part I Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (10 points) Directions: For questions 17, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage。 4. 整體意思完全錯(cuò)誤，即使結(jié)構(gòu)正確也不得分。 All of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste. Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and insects but insects but that pollutes water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogenrich fertilizer that helps plants grow but that can wreak havoc on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas. Too many nitrates “ over enrich” these bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water. What’s the Solution? Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water related problems。） Passage A In numerous studies, happy people share four traits. First, happy people like themselves. On questionnaires designed to 47 selfesteem, they agree with 48 such as “I’m a lot of fun to be with” and “I have good ideas.” They also see themselves as more ethical, more intelligent, healthier, and more likeable than other people. Secondly, happy people feel that they have control over their lives. They feel empowered instead of 49 , so they do better in school and work, and deal with stress better. Research in prisons, nursing homes, and totalitarian countries has shown the 50 effects of the lack of personal control. When people don’t have control over their lives, they 51 from depression and poor health. This is also the case when 52 poverty takes away people’s feelings of control in their lives. The third 53 that happy people share is optimism. People who agreed with the statement, “When I 54 something new, I expect to succeed,” were 55 more successful, healthier, and happier. Fourth, 56 have found that happy people are extroverts. A. generally F. measure K. researchers B. unrelated G. suffer L. inner C. leading H. extreme M. statements D. trait I. prompt N. depressing E. encouraged J. helpless O. undertake Passage B That 47 for change also represents deeply 48 ideas of freedom. Danish scholar Otto Jespersen wrote in 1905, “The English language would not have been what it is if the English had not been for centuries great 49 of the 50 of each individual and if everybody had not been free to strike out new paths for himself.” I like that idea. Consider that the same 51 soil producing the English language also 52 the great principles of freedom and rights of man in the modern world. The first shoots 53 in England, and they grew stronger in America. The Englishspeaking peoples have 54 all efforts to build fences around their language. Indeed, the English language is not the special 55 of grammarians, language police, teachers, writers or the intellectual elite. English is, and always has been, the 56 of the mon m