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linux環(huán)境進(jìn)程間通信(三):消息隊(duì)列(存儲(chǔ)版)

  

【正文】 *ptr, long fifth) 與該 操作對(duì)應(yīng)的系統(tǒng) V調(diào)用為: int msgctl( first, second, (struct msqid_ds*) ptr)。典型的調(diào)用代碼是: key=ftok(path_ptr, 39。 讀寫操作 消息讀寫操作非常簡(jiǎn)單,對(duì)開發(fā)人員來說,每個(gè)消息都類似如下的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu): struct msgbuf{ long mtype。kern_ipc_perm結(jié)構(gòu)如下: struct kern_ipc_perm{ //內(nèi)核中記錄消息隊(duì)列的全局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu) msg_ids能夠訪問到該結(jié)構(gòu); key_t key。 一、消息隊(duì)列基本概念 1. 系統(tǒng) V消息隊(duì)列是隨內(nèi)核持續(xù)的,只有在內(nèi)核重起或者顯示刪除一個(gè)消息隊(duì)列時(shí),該消息隊(duì)列才會(huì)真正被刪除。對(duì)消息隊(duì)列有寫權(quán)限的進(jìn)程可以向中按照一定的規(guī)則添加新消息;對(duì)消息隊(duì)列有讀權(quán)限的進(jìn)程則可以從消息隊(duì)列中讀走消息。作為早期 unix通信機(jī)制之一的信號(hào)能夠傳送的信息量有限,后來雖然 POSIX 拓廣,使得信號(hào)在傳遞信息量方面有了相當(dāng)程度的改進(jìn),但是信號(hào)這種通信方式更像 即時(shí) 的通信方式,它要求接受信號(hào)的進(jìn)程在某個(gè)時(shí)間范圍內(nèi)對(duì)信號(hào)做出反應(yīng),因此該信號(hào)最多在接受信號(hào)進(jìn)程的生命周期內(nèi)才有意義,信號(hào)所傳遞的信息是接 近于隨進(jìn)程持續(xù)的概念( processpersistent),見 附錄 1;管道及有名管道及有名管道則是典型的隨進(jìn)程持續(xù) IPC,并且,只能傳送無格式的字節(jié)流無疑會(huì)給應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)帶來不便,另外,它的緩沖區(qū)大小也受到限制。 Linux內(nèi)核(內(nèi)核 )支持 POSIX信號(hào)燈、 POSIX共享內(nèi)存區(qū)以及 POSIX 消息隊(duì)列,但對(duì)于主流 Linux 發(fā)行版本之一 (內(nèi)核 ),還沒有提供對(duì) POSIX進(jìn)程間通信 API的支持,不過應(yīng)該只是時(shí)間上的事。讀者可以訪問這些信息,也可以設(shè)置其中的某些信息。 mode_t mode。 獲得或設(shè)置消息隊(duì)列屬性: 消息隊(duì)列的信息基本上都保存在消息隊(duì)列頭中,因此,可以分配一個(gè)類似于消息隊(duì)列頭的結(jié)構(gòu) (struct msqid_ds,見 附錄 2),來返回消息隊(duì)列的屬性;同樣可以設(shè)置該數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)。 第一個(gè)參數(shù)指明對(duì) IPC 對(duì)象的操作方式,對(duì)消息隊(duì)列而言共有四種操作: MSGSND、 MSGRCV、MSGGET以及 MSGCTL,分別代表向消息隊(duì)列發(fā)送消 息、從消息隊(duì)列讀取消息、打開或創(chuàng)建消息隊(duì)列、控制消息隊(duì)列; first參數(shù)代表唯一的 IPC對(duì)象;下面將介紹四種操作。原因如下: ? 雖然該系統(tǒng)調(diào)用提供了統(tǒng)一的用戶界面,但正是由于這個(gè)特性,它的參數(shù)幾乎不能給出特定的實(shí)際意義(如以 first、 second 來命名參數(shù)),在一定程度上造成開發(fā)不便。 該系統(tǒng)調(diào)用 從 msgid代表的消息隊(duì)列 中讀取一個(gè)消息,并把消息存儲(chǔ)在 msgp指向的 msgbuf結(jié)構(gòu)中。 對(duì)發(fā)送消息來說,有意義的 msgflg標(biāo)志為 IPC_NOWAIT,指明在消息隊(duì)列沒有足夠空間容納要發(fā)送的消息時(shí), msgsnd是否等待。在后面的應(yīng)用實(shí)例中,輸出了 redhat ,結(jié)果參見 附錄 3。 int msgid。 struct msqid_ds msg_ginfo,msg_sinfo。 return。 if(reval==1) { printf(message send error\n)。 =8。 //驗(yàn)證設(shè)置消息隊(duì)列屬性 reval=msgctl(msgid,IPC_RMID,NULL)。 return。 printf(last msgsnd time is %s, ctime(amp。 } 程序輸出結(jié)果見 附錄 3。 time_t q_stime。 /* last receive pid */ struct list_head q_messages。 /* last msgsnd time */ __kernel_time_t msg_rtime。 /* pid of last msgsnd */ __kernel_ipc_pid_t msg_lrpid。t agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you ? your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more information about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haven39。s 21 win. Michel Platini, president of European football39。 The end of our life, and can meet many things really do? 而窮盡我們的一生,又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可? During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional。s time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a selfrighteous spiritual. 一個(gè)人的時(shí)候,自己的想法總是特別地清晰。 Have declared the end of the encounter that haven39。t. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters). cause there 。 Those were broken into various shapes of stationery。 Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time. 原來,這個(gè)世界上,對(duì)某個(gè)事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的,除了非做不可的堅(jiān)決,還有,時(shí)間。總覺得自己自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點(diǎn)什么,或者寫點(diǎn)什么。s Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday. I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport. For me it39。 ? linux下對(duì)文件的操作,詳細(xì)介紹了對(duì)文件的存取權(quán)限位,對(duì) IPC 對(duì)象的存取權(quán)限同樣具有很好的借鑒意義。 /* number of messages in queue */ unsigned short msg_qbytes。 /* first message on queue,unused */ struct msg *msg_last。 /* max number of bytes on queue */ pid_t q_lspid。如消息隊(duì)列、信號(hào)燈以及共享內(nèi)存等; 3. 隨文件系統(tǒng)持續(xù): IPC一直持續(xù)到顯示刪除該對(duì)象為止。 printf(msg uid is %d\n,)。在創(chuàng)建新的消息隊(duì)列時(shí), //msg_qbytes的缺省值就是 MSGMNB printf(pid of last msgsnd is %d\n,)。msg_info)。 return。 else printf(read from
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