質(zhì)量管理前沿領域-質(zhì)量機能展開qfd簡介(存儲版)
【正文】 nd costly breakdown. ? Should you still buy the car? Concept Question ? Long experience suggests that a particular stretch of a river is among the safest for children to swim in. ? Yesterday your neighbor’s first born son was eaten by a crocodile in that stretch of river. ? Should you still let your child swim there? The Less is More Effect ? Goldstein and Gigerenzer(1999) ? A pair of cities is drawn from a set of the 83 largest German cities ? The task was to decide which of the two cities in each pair was larger ? American students –accuracy ~ 65% ? German students –accuracy was lower ? Why? The recognition heuristic works best when information is at an appropriate level (sometimes less information is better) One Reason Decision Making ? The “Take The Best” heuristic equals or outperforms any linear decision strategy when information is nonpensatory, that is, when the potential contribution of each new cue falls off rapidly so that binations of later cues cannot outweigh earlier ones (Martignonamp。 Hoffrage,1999). ? Such environments seem fairly monplace, at least in an approximately nonpensatory form. Cognitive Parameters Language Learning in Children For Adults For Children You say: It’s two hours past your bedtime. Drink your milk. They process: Blah blah blah blah blah blah. Drink your milk. This is a good thing. They learn simple grammar first. Followup on Session 4 Stephen FriedenthalIntuitively it seems rational that the best decision making process is coherently logical. However, if I take it as an axiom that I can never have perfect information this leads to the implication that a perfectly rational and logical decision making process can lead to a faulty conclusion… But, by the same logic this implies that if your logic is flawed you may or may not get the wrong answer …So, does this imply that it can be advantageous not to be a rational decision maker … or, is there a flaw in this train of thought? No, sometimes they are just heuristic Right!! Yes, there is growing, empirical evidence that it is advantageous to be irrational in a strictly formal sense and instead to be ecologically rational Implications for “Tools” Phase ? We chose simple methods that have evidence of effectiveness in field use ? We do not assume that the latest method with added “improvements” is better ? In particular, if a new fangled method requires more information or processing it is under suspicion ? Of course, if field data prove it out, we will add it to the course Plan for the Session ? What is rationality? ? Quality Function Deployment –What is it for? What is it not for? –What is it? How do you use it? –Does it work? ? Next steps Systems Engineering Systems Engineering is an interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of successful systems. It focuses on defining customer needs and required functionality early in the development cycle, documenting requirements, then proceeding with design synthesis and system validation while considering the plete problem: ?Operations ?Performance ?Test ?Manufacturing ?Cost ?Schedule ?Training ?Support ?Dis
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