【正文】
........................... 12 廠房倉(cāng)庫(kù)自 動(dòng)消防滅火區(qū)域劃分 ...................................................... 12 基于 PLC 控制的自動(dòng)滅火消防系統(tǒng)主要部件 .............................. 12 控制系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)及 PLC 選擇 .......................................................... 14 PLC 型號(hào)的選擇 ......................................................................................... 14 電源模塊的選擇 ....................................................................................... 18 對(duì)電源的處理 ...................................................................................... 18 安裝布線的注意事項(xiàng) .......................................................................... 18 4 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)的軟件設(shè)計(jì) .............................................................................. 19 PLC 程序的控制要求 ............................................................................... 19 介紹編程方法思路及程序流程圖和梯形圖 .................................... 19 PLC 程序說(shuō)明 ............................................................................................. 24 區(qū)域 1 自動(dòng)報(bào)警滅火系統(tǒng)的啟停 ...................................................... 24 區(qū)域 2 自動(dòng)報(bào)警滅火系統(tǒng)的啟停 ...................................................... 24 區(qū)域 3 自動(dòng)報(bào)警滅火系統(tǒng)的啟停 ...................................................... 25 噴淋泵的啟停 ...................................................................................... 25 系統(tǒng)復(fù)位 .............................................................................................. 25 限時(shí)程序 .............................................................................................. 25 5 總結(jié) ......................................................................................................................... 27 致 謝 ........................................................................................................................... 28 參考文獻(xiàn) .................................................................................................................... 29 1 1 緒論 課題背景 火災(zāi)是一種具有突發(fā)性和強(qiáng)破壞性的災(zāi)害現(xiàn)象,嚴(yán)重危害人類生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全和自然環(huán)境。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展建筑物各處裝有大量有機(jī)材料或可燃易燃物質(zhì)的倉(cāng)庫(kù)越來(lái)越多,一旦起火,這些遍布全倉(cāng)庫(kù)的可燃物便是火災(zāi)燃燒的極好物質(zhì)條件,同時(shí)這些倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)物 品也是火災(zāi)迅速蔓延的良好途徑。眾所周知,火警時(shí)任何事都是分秒必爭(zhēng)的。這是第一代產(chǎn)品,目前國(guó)內(nèi)極少數(shù)廠家生產(chǎn)外,它基本上已處于被淘汰狀態(tài)。安裝在保護(hù)區(qū)的探測(cè)器不斷的向所監(jiān)視的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)發(fā)出巡檢信號(hào),監(jiān)視 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的煙霧濃度、溫度等,并不斷反饋給報(bào)警控制器,控制器將接到的信號(hào)與內(nèi)存的正常整定值比較、判斷確定火災(zāi)。 主要設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容是: ( 1)系統(tǒng)組成、元器件選擇。該系統(tǒng)的容量越大,所要求輸出的控制程序越復(fù)雜,消防設(shè)施控制功能越全。一種是離子感煙探測(cè)器,它在內(nèi)外電離室里面有放射源镅 241,電離產(chǎn)生的正、負(fù)離子,在電場(chǎng)的作用下各向正負(fù)電極移動(dòng)。 (2)感溫探測(cè)器。 (3)光輻射探測(cè)器。 3)在通風(fēng)條件較好的車庫(kù)內(nèi)可采用感煙探測(cè)器,一般的車庫(kù)內(nèi)可采用感溫 探測(cè)器。 圖 22 ( 2) 按結(jié)構(gòu)型式可分為 : 1)壁掛式火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制器 :連接的探測(cè)器回路相應(yīng)少些,控制功能簡(jiǎn)單,區(qū)域報(bào)警控制器多才用這種型式。 2)無(wú)閾值模擬量火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制器 :其連接使用有閾值開(kāi)關(guān)量火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制器,處理的探測(cè)信號(hào)為連續(xù)的模擬量信號(hào),對(duì)火災(zāi)的判斷和發(fā)送由控制器決定,具有一定的智能判斷能力。其技術(shù)性能指標(biāo)相應(yīng)提高,如工作環(huán)境溫度、濕度、耐腐蝕、抗顛簸等要求高于陸用火災(zāi)報(bào)警控制器。消防控制設(shè)備一般設(shè)置在消防控制中心,以便于實(shí)行集中統(tǒng)一控制,也有的消防控制設(shè)備設(shè)置在被控消防設(shè)備所在現(xiàn)場(chǎng) (如消防電梯控制按鈕 ),但其動(dòng)作信號(hào)則必須返回消防控制室,實(shí)行集中與分 散相結(jié)合的控制方式。自動(dòng)噴水滅火系統(tǒng)控制面積大,用水量大。 開(kāi)式自動(dòng)滅火消防系統(tǒng)采用的是開(kāi)式噴頭,開(kāi)式噴頭不帶感溫閉鎖裝置,處于常 11 開(kāi)狀態(tài)。 12 3 硬件簡(jiǎn)介及系統(tǒng)方案的確定 廠房倉(cāng)庫(kù)自動(dòng)消防滅火區(qū)域劃分 本倉(cāng)庫(kù)是堆放一般貨物的廠房小型倉(cāng)庫(kù),通常沒(méi)有專人看管,堆放的都是是一些日常貨物,所以在此類廠房倉(cāng)庫(kù)中安放自動(dòng)滅火消防系統(tǒng)非常的有必要。報(bào)警系統(tǒng)中包含報(bào)警器和各種電源裝置,控制系 統(tǒng)中包含可編程序控制器和各種開(kāi)關(guān)。而對(duì)當(dāng)今的 PLC 幾乎可以說(shuō)凡是需要控制系統(tǒng)存在的地方就需要 PLC。 ( 1) 根據(jù)控制要求和 I/O 點(diǎn)數(shù)確定 I/O 分配表如表 32。選定的電源模塊的輸出功率必須大于 CPU 模塊,所有 I/O 模塊,各種智能模塊等總消耗功率之和,并預(yù)留 30% 的余量。因此,為了保證 PLC 的正常工作,對(duì)內(nèi)部電源有較高的要求。 系統(tǒng)電源接通以后,當(dāng)區(qū)域 3 中如有一只傳感器探測(cè)到火災(zāi)信號(hào)或按下啟動(dòng)按鈕SB5,區(qū)域 3 的自動(dòng)報(bào)警系統(tǒng)立即啟動(dòng),滅火系統(tǒng)延時(shí)啟動(dòng),向管理者提供火災(zāi)確認(rèn)時(shí)間,如管理員在延時(shí)時(shí)間 之內(nèi)沒(méi)有按下關(guān)閉按鈕,系統(tǒng)將自動(dòng)啟動(dòng);按下關(guān)閉按鈕SB6,區(qū)域 3 自動(dòng)報(bào)警滅火系統(tǒng)關(guān)閉。 區(qū)域 2 自動(dòng)報(bào)警滅火系統(tǒng)的啟停 在該程序中,該區(qū)域自動(dòng)報(bào)警滅火系統(tǒng)的啟動(dòng)由 、 、 、 或 來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn),只要它們中間有一個(gè)閉合,該區(qū)域的報(bào)警系統(tǒng) ()立即啟動(dòng)并自鎖,同時(shí)啟動(dòng)一個(gè) 30S 的定時(shí)器( T38),定時(shí)時(shí)間到,滅火聯(lián)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)( )、( )、( )、( )啟動(dòng);當(dāng)該區(qū)域的煙霧探測(cè)器( )檢測(cè)到火災(zāi)信號(hào),它還會(huì)啟動(dòng)一個(gè)中間繼電器線圈( )限制其余兩個(gè)區(qū)域的煙霧傳感器啟動(dòng)自己所探測(cè)區(qū)域的自動(dòng) 25 報(bào)警滅火系統(tǒng);當(dāng)按下停止按鈕 , 該區(qū)域自動(dòng)報(bào)警滅火系統(tǒng)關(guān)閉。計(jì)數(shù)器將在按下復(fù)位按鈕 后復(fù)位。t appealed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any pensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are plaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept it. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you, take advice from one of the anisations listed under Further help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the anisations listed under Further help. 30 If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your pensation if you win the case. This is known as a damagesbased agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor can39。s governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee39。 Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isn39。想要的,不想要的,界限明確,好像沒(méi)有什么可以撼動(dòng)自己。t start planning... Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life. 此刻,天空是陰暗的,空氣里有著剛下過(guò)雨之后的清新因子。 From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship。 A person39。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺,突然就感覺(jué)到有些事情,非做不可了。s about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was. Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the racist behaviour of their fans during City39。 28 致 謝 29 參考文獻(xiàn) [1] 章宏甲 .黃誼 .王積偉.液壓與氣壓傳動(dòng) .北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 2021: 112~ 118 [2] 成大先 .機(jī)械設(shè)