商業(yè)銀行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理—畢業(yè)論文外文及翻譯(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 摘要 在過(guò)去一年里 ,我們通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)參觀金融服務(wù)公司來(lái)進(jìn)行審查和評(píng)估其金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理系統(tǒng)。 in others, it will shift the risk to other parties through a bination of pricing and product design. The banking industry recognizes that an institution need not engage in business in amanner that unnecessarily imposes risk upon it。s superregionals and quasi177。money center mercial banks, as well as a number of major investment banking firms. These results were then presented to a much wider array of banking firms for reaction and verification. The purpose of the present article is to outline the findings of this investigation. It reports the state of risk management techniques in the industry―questions asked, questions answered, and questions left unaddressed by respondents. This report can not recite a litany of the approaches used within the industry, nor can it offer an evaluation of each and every approach. Rather, it reports the standard of practice and evaluates how and why it is conducted in the particular way chosen. But, even the best practice employed within the industry is not good enough in some areas. Accordingly, critiques also will be offered where appropriate. The article concludes with a list of questions that are currently unanswered, or answered imprecisely in the current practice employed by this group of relatively sophisticated banks. Here, we discuss the problems which the industry finds most difficult to address, shortings of the current methodology used to analyze risk, and the elements that are missing in the current procedures of risk management and risk control. 2. What type of risk is being considered? Commercial banks are in the risk business. In the process of providing financial services, they assume various kinds of financial risks. Over the last decade our understanding of the place of mercial banks within the financial sector has improved substantially. Over this time, much has been written on the role of mercial banks in the financial sector, both in the academic literature and in the financial press. These arguments will be neither reviewed nor enumerated here. Suffice it to say that market participants seek the services of these financial institutions because of their ability to provide market knowledge, transaction efficiency and funding capability. In performing these roles, they generally act as a principal in the transaction. As such, they use their own balance sheet to facilitate the transaction and to absorb the risks associated with it. To be sure, there are activities performed by banking firms which do not have direct balance sheet implications. These services include agency and advisory activities such as 1 trust and investment management。 nor should it absorb risk that can be efficiently transferred to other participants. Rather, it should only manage risks at the firm level that are more efficiently managed there than by the market itself or by their owners in their own portfolios. In short, it should accept only those risks that are uniquely a part of the bank39。商業(yè)銀行的分析涵蓋了大量的北美超地區(qū)性和準(zhǔn)貨幣中心機(jī)構(gòu) ,以及一些美國(guó)以外的公司獲得的信息包括了一些理念和財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的做法。 在某種程度上來(lái)說(shuō)，這次活動(dòng)是出于我們對(duì)行業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)弱點(diǎn)的認(rèn)識(shí)。相反，它報(bào)告的是執(zhí)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和評(píng)價(jià)方法，以及它為什么選擇特定的方式進(jìn)行。在這段時(shí)間，商業(yè)銀行在金融部門(mén)扮演的什么樣的角色已經(jīng)眾所周知，無(wú)論是在學(xué)術(shù)文獻(xiàn)或者金融新聞上都有體現(xiàn)。 通過(guò)第 20 條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)承保該控股公司的附屬公司 （包裝，證券化，分發(fā)，以及為消費(fèi)和房地產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的貸款債務(wù)提供服務(wù)。相反，對(duì)于企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，僅在原有的水平上管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)要比管理市場(chǎng)本身或由業(yè)主自己的投資組合產(chǎn)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)來(lái)的有效的多。第三步，通過(guò)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)管理層激勵(lì)兼容合同，要求員工承擔(dān)責(zé)任。除非該機(jī)構(gòu)已在管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)上有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)或者愿意接受嵌入式風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，我們沒(méi)有理由為銀行吸收這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，而不是轉(zhuǎn)化這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。此外，泄露客戶(hù)信息這種不正當(dāng)?shù)母?jìng)爭(zhēng)手段能給自己帶來(lái)好處。這些可以被看作是包含以下四個(gè)部分 : 1 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和報(bào)告 持倉(cāng)限額 或規(guī)則 3 投資指南和策略 4 激勵(lì)合同和賠償 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這些工具建立了權(quán)衡揭示、定義程序來(lái)管理這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，限制個(gè)別職位到可接受的水平，并鼓勵(lì)決策者管理采取與該公司的目標(biāo)相一致的目標(biāo)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的方式。顯
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