英文版產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)教程第4章價(jià)格歧視(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 2?????2212112( c) ( c)(1 )22??? ? ?????? ? ?Case2： Monopoly pricing ? Assume that consumers have plete arbitrage, so that monopoly can only set uniform price： T(q) = pq ? Profit is (pc)D(p), and D(p) =1 p/θ ? Monopoly price is ? Monopolistic profit is ? Here we assume that monopoly decides to provide goods to two kinds of consumers. It need (c+θ2)/2≤θ1, or λ is large enough. m2cpp2????22( c )4?????Case3： Twopart tariff ? Assume also that monopoly provides goods to two kinds of consumers. ? Set marginal price p. Maximal fixed fee that can make θ1 type consumers buy goods is A=S1(p). Then θ2 type consumers will purchase, because ? So profit function of monopoly is ? Price of profit maximization is ? Simply, we can see that profit of twopart tariff is as good as in linear pricing at least (the late can be seen as the special case of the former ). iS ( p ) ( p c ) D ( p )??31cp2/??? ?21S (p ) S (p ) A??Comparison in welfare effect 1 3 2? ? ????It’s simple to judge that ?And also, in the case of supplying two kinds of consumers at the same time, marginal of twopart tariff is between petitive price and monopoly price, namely ?Notice： welfare under twopart tariff is higher than in linear pricing, because marginal price decreasing will bring purchasing more by two kinds of consumers, so distortion is reduced. To monopoly, it can make up loss by fixed fee when decreasing price. So fixed fee will induce monopoly decrease price so that welfare is gained. m1 3 2p c p p p? ? ? ?Conclusion ? We can make a more plex project to get more profit through plete nonlinear pricing. (process omitted) ? Conclusion 1： lowdemand consumers do not get surplus, while highdemand consumers can get positive surplus. ? Conclusion 2： effective restriction to personal arbitrage will prevent highdemand consumers buy lowdemand bundles. ? Conclusion 3： highdemand consumers buy socially optimal quantity。Chapter 4 Price discrimination ECNU Oriental Real Estate College Definition ? A prevalent marketing skill and economic phenomena. preferential price or quantity discount. eg. ? Sometimes people will think that if firms charge different price on different consumers for the same goods, it means price discrimination. But this understanding is inplete. ? In much case, discrete price maybe only reflect traffic cost and sales cost fee. And in certain case, universal price means discrimination on the contrary (fixed fee in bus eg.). ? Price discrimination means one firm sales the identical goods to different consumers with different price.(Philips,1983) Net price, subtract product difference from goods price. ? If price differentiation just reflects the cost difference of supplying to different consumers, we deem price discrimination doesn’t exist. ? Ratio test 《 Harry potter》 in painly packed edition vs. deluxe edition ,eg. ? At the same time, we can’t say providing different quality goods to different consumers means no discrimination. ? Reason of providing service in different quality (such as classed cabin in aircrafts and trains) partly is to get consumers surplus by segmenting consumers into different groups ? The concept of ―identical‖ goods：
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