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纖維混凝土板抗彎性能的試驗(yàn)研究土木畢業(yè)論文(存儲(chǔ)版)

  

【正文】 ,鋼纖維增強(qiáng)、增韌效果好,但會(huì)導(dǎo)致工程造價(jià)過高;聚丙烯纖維增韌效果好,價(jià)格 較低,但聚丙烯纖維難以提高混凝土的強(qiáng)度,只能延緩后期破壞過程。 復(fù)合材料理論定義混雜復(fù)合材料可出現(xiàn)混雜效應(yīng) (hybrid effect) ,若出現(xiàn)單一復(fù)合材料所沒有的優(yōu)異性能,則此效應(yīng)稱為正混雜效應(yīng);若出現(xiàn)單一復(fù)合材料所沒有的明顯缺點(diǎn),則此效應(yīng)稱為負(fù)混雜效應(yīng)。阻裂效應(yīng)作用的結(jié)果是提高了硬化混凝土的變形能力,使混凝土構(gòu)件在破壞后仍保持一定的延性 (假延性 )。常常使用鋼纖維阻止硬化混凝土的開裂,提高混凝土韌性和抗沖擊性能。 聚丙烯短纖維限制混凝土的早期塑性收縮裂縫的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展。試驗(yàn)表明, SIFCON的增強(qiáng)率和增韌率可分別達(dá)到 SIFCON的 219411倍和 215613倍。高強(qiáng)混凝土抗壓強(qiáng)度高 ,可以減小截面尺寸和自重 ,但隨著強(qiáng)度的不斷提高 ,高強(qiáng)混凝土脆性增加 ,延性越來越差,其抗拉強(qiáng)度與抗壓強(qiáng)度之比僅為 6%。 鋼纖維混凝土的優(yōu)點(diǎn) [24] 鋼纖維混凝土中亂向分布的短纖維可阻礙混凝土內(nèi)部微裂縫的擴(kuò)展、限制宏觀裂縫發(fā)展以及提高構(gòu)件開裂后的韌性。這些規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為統(tǒng)一我國(guó)鋼纖維混凝土試驗(yàn)方法,推動(dòng)規(guī)范鋼纖維混凝土的研究和工程應(yīng)用奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。 20 世紀(jì) 40年代,英美法德等國(guó)先后取得了一系列相關(guān)專利。 纖維在混凝土基體中的取向基本上分為四種 : ①一維定向,全部纖維沿一個(gè)方向排列; ②二維定向,全部纖維在平面內(nèi)按規(guī)定的兩個(gè)方向排列; ③二維亂向,全部纖維在平面內(nèi)任意排列; ④三維亂向,全部纖維在空間內(nèi)任意排列。目前研究較多的是鋼纖維混凝土和聚丙烯纖維混凝土。 纖維混凝土( Fiber Reinforced Concrete) 纖維混凝土是纖維增強(qiáng)混 凝土的簡(jiǎn)稱,隨著美國(guó)學(xué)者 Romuldi 從理論上闡述了鋼纖維的增強(qiáng)作用和增強(qiáng)機(jī)理,極大地促進(jìn)了纖維混凝土的研究和實(shí)際應(yīng)用,人們逐漸意識(shí)到采用纖維增強(qiáng)混凝土可以大大提高混凝土的抗拉強(qiáng)度、變形能力。 高性能混凝土( High Performance Concrete) 高性能混凝土是當(dāng)今混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展的主要方向,目前對(duì)高性能混凝土的定義,各國(guó)專家意見不一。如果在構(gòu)件使用前,通過預(yù)加外力,使受拉區(qū)預(yù)先產(chǎn)生壓應(yīng)力,以抵消或減少外荷產(chǎn)生的拉應(yīng)力,這樣就可以利用混凝土構(gòu)件的抗壓強(qiáng)度來彌補(bǔ)混凝土抗拉強(qiáng)度不足的缺陷,以達(dá)到防止受拉區(qū)混凝土過早開裂的問題,從而提高截面抗彎剛度和減小裂縫寬度,甚至可以做到在使用荷載下不出現(xiàn)裂縫,預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土便應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。防止鋼筋銹蝕最重要的措施是增加混凝土的密實(shí)性和保護(hù)層的厚度。 ( 4)堿集料反應(yīng):混凝土集料中的堿性氧化物 ),( 22 OKONa 與集料 中的二氧化硅成分產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)時(shí),反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的堿 硅酸鹽凝膠,吸水后產(chǎn)生膨脹,體積可增大 34 倍,導(dǎo)致混凝土開裂、剝落、強(qiáng)度降低,甚至導(dǎo)致破壞的現(xiàn)象稱為堿集料反應(yīng)( AAR)。而溫度的升高會(huì)加速水泥水化,降低混凝土拌合物的流動(dòng)性。但由于水泥用量在混凝土體積中所占體積相對(duì)較小,因此對(duì)拌纖維混凝土板抗彎性能的試驗(yàn)研究 4 合物工作性的影響并不顯著。 纖維混凝土板抗彎性能的試驗(yàn)研究 3 圖 坍落流動(dòng)度測(cè)定 工作性是混凝土拌合物最重要的性能,其影響因素很多,主要有單位用水量、砂率、集灰比、集料、水泥品種和細(xì)度以及外加劑、時(shí)間和溫度等。粘聚性是指混凝土拌合物在施工過程中其各組分之間保持一定的粘聚力,不致產(chǎn)生分層離析現(xiàn)象。 關(guān)鍵詞: 纖維;纖維混凝土板;彎曲韌性 纖維混凝土板抗彎性能的試驗(yàn)研究 II Investigation on the Flexural Performance of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Plates Abstract Concrete has many outstanding adva1ntages, such as high pressive strength, easy available raw materials, low energy consumption, relatively cheap and easy to shape, relatively simple for construction, high durability and so on. However, the tensile strength of concrete is really very low, and as the strength increased, the brittleness of concrete increased significantly. So when loaded, the concrete often shows brittle fracture with no obvious signs. That influenced the practical engineering application of concrete greatly. The fibers blended into concrete can significantly improve the tensile strength of concrete. Through resisting the emergence and development of the internal microcracks in concrete, fibers can improve the crack resistance and the toughness of concrete. The toughness is an important indicator for the workability of fiber reinforced concrete, and it is one of advantages of fiber reinforced concrete over plain concrete. Toughness can be defined as the capacity of energy absorption of material or structure from loading to failure. The toughness of fiber reinforced concrete includes pression toughness, flexural toughness and shear toughness, etc. Currently flexural toughness is widely used as a measure of toughness of fiber reinforced concrete. Because flexural failure is happened under three kinds of loadings including bending, tension and pression, it is much better to measure the integrated effect of toughness. Nowadays the traditional method to evaluate the toughness is based on the bending beams( 150 mm150 mm550mm) . However, the formwork of the beam may show some influence on the fiber orientation and does not correspond to the fiber orientation in the practice such as industrial floor very well. In order to reduce the influence of the formwork on the fiber orientation and to simulate the loading behavior of industrial panel, according to RILEM: Test and design methods for steel fiber reinforced concrete─ Bending test, a series simply supported panel( 600 mm 600 mm 100mm) test with different fiber types and fiber contents has been carried out. Key Words: Fiber; Fiber Reinforced Panel; Flexural Toughness 纖維混凝土板抗彎性能的試驗(yàn)研究 III 目 錄 摘 要 ..................................................................................................................................... I Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... II 1 混凝土 .................................................................................................................................. 1 混凝土的主要性質(zhì) ................................................................................................... 1 強(qiáng)度 ................................................................................................................ 1 工作性 ............................................................................................................ 1 耐久性 ............................................................................................................ 4 混凝土的發(fā)展 ........................................................................................................... 7 鋼筋混凝土( Steel Reinforced Concrete) .................................................. 7 預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土 ( Prestressed Concrete) ..................................................... 7 高強(qiáng)混凝土( High Strength Concrete) ...................................................... 7 高性能混凝土( High Performance Concrete) ........................................... 8 纖維混凝土( Fiber Reinforced Concrete) ................................................. 8 自密實(shí)混凝土( Selfpacting concrete) ............................................... 9 2 纖維混凝土 ........................................................................................................................ 10 纖維對(duì)混凝土 基體增強(qiáng)增韌作用的影響因素 ..................................................... 10 纖維混凝土國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展歷史 ................................................................................. 11 鋼纖維混凝土( Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete) ..................................
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