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高功率激光加工同軸送粉系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)_畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(存儲(chǔ)版)

  

【正文】 求。根據(jù)激光束聚焦前及聚焦后的光斑直徑,以及聚焦透鏡的的焦距,可估算出激光束的夾角,噴嘴芯內(nèi)錐孔的的錐度應(yīng)取略大于或等于激光束的夾角,因而可以定出夾角 ? ,由此又可以計(jì)算出噴嘴芯內(nèi)錐孔直徑 d,噴嘴芯的的外錐面為送粉通道的一部分,外錐面的大小決定了粉末聚焦點(diǎn)的具體位置。 工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 31 頁(yè),共 49 頁(yè) 圖 通過(guò)送粉頭零部件的設(shè)計(jì),最終完成送粉頭的總圖設(shè)計(jì)如下圖 : 圖 工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 32 頁(yè),共 49 頁(yè) 參考文獻(xiàn) 【 1】 閆毓禾,鐘敏霖 .高功率激光加工及其應(yīng)用 [M].天津 :天津科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社, 1994. 【 2】 羅濤 .載氣式超細(xì)粉末送粉器的研制 [J].天津工業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 .2020. 【 3】 劉常樂(lè) .載氣式激光熔覆送粉器的研制 [J].天津工業(yè)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文 .2020. 【 4】 關(guān)振中主編 .激光加工手冊(cè) [M].北京 :中國(guó)計(jì)量出版社, 1998 【 5】 梅遂生 .德美固體激光器研究一撇 .激光與紅外 [M].1993 【 6】 99:125131 Hu S Y,LiYL,M unz D,Yang Y,Y. Thermal stresses incoated structures .in laser surface handening of a medium carbon and Coatings Technoligy,1988. 【 7】 27:12401244 Piliz M, Rsidual stess induced by laser coatings。 only if they are incorporated into a designed product will a benefit be derived. It should be recognized, therefore, that a human need must be identified before a particular product is designed. Mechanical design should be considered to be an opportunity to use innovative talents to envision a design of a product, to analyze the system and then make sound judgments on how the product is to be manufactured. It is important to understand the fundamentals of engineering rather than memorize mere facts and equations. There are no facts or equations which alone can be used to provide all the correct decisions required to produce a good design. On the other hand, any calculations made must be done with the utmost care and precision. For example, if a decimal point is misplaced, an otherwise acceptable 工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 36 頁(yè),共 49 頁(yè) design may not function. Good designs require trying new ideas and being willing to take a certain amount of risk, knowing that if the new idea does not work the existing method can be reinstated. Thus a designer must have patience, since there is no assurance of success for the time and effort expended. Creating a pletely new design generally requires that many old and wellestablished methods be thrust aside. This is not easy since many people cling to familiar ideas, techniques and attitudes. A design engineer should constantly search for ways to improve an existing product and must decide what old, proven concepts should be used and what new, untried ideas should be incorporated. New designs generally have bugs or unforeseen problems which must be worked out before the superior characteristics of the new designs can be enjoyed. Thus there is a chance for a superior product, but only at higher risk. It should be emphasized that, if a design does not warrant radical new methods, such methods should not be applied merely for the sake of change. During the beginning stages of design, creativity should be allowed to flourish without a great number of constraints. Even though many impractical ideas may arise, it is usually easy to eliminate them in the early stages of design before firm details are required by manufacturing. In this way, innovative ideas are not inhibited. Quite often, more than one design is developed, up to the point where they can be pared against each other. It is entirely possible that the design which is ultimately accepted will use ideas existing in one of the rejected designs that did not show as much overall promise. Psychologists frequently talk about trying to fit people to the machines they operate. It is essentially the responsibility of the design engineer to strive to fit machines to people. This is not an easy task, since there is really no average person for which certain operating dimensions and procedures are optimum. Another important point which should be recognized is that。夾角 ?的選擇受兩個(gè)方面的影響:一是要保證在入粉口的環(huán)形通道要有足夠的空間,所以嘴角應(yīng)采用較小的角度,從而減少通道內(nèi)的存粉量;二是錐環(huán)形送粉通道的長(zhǎng)度要盡可能長(zhǎng),綜合以上兩點(diǎn)因素,最終可優(yōu)先選擇夾角 ? 大小。而噴嘴的結(jié)構(gòu)及尺寸直接決定了熔覆材料進(jìn)入激光束的方式分布特征等。 ②粉末束流能夠有足夠的能量而熔化。 ⑵ .同軸送粉,其原理圖如 所示 圖 同軸送粉方式 ; ; ; ; ; ; 7 運(yùn)動(dòng)方向 工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 28 頁(yè),共 49 頁(yè) 這種送粉方式突破了單側(cè)送粉的局限 性,能夠?qū)⒎勰┚鶆蚍稚⒊森h(huán)形再匯聚進(jìn)入聚焦的激光中,在生產(chǎn)中可以像使用一支金屬筆那樣靈活,達(dá)到特殊的加工效果,同時(shí)也具有激光熔覆技術(shù)所需要的各種功能,這種送粉方式由于具有優(yōu)越性及它的特殊用途已經(jīng)得到了人們的高度重視,目前國(guó)內(nèi)外已經(jīng)相繼展開(kāi)了這方面的研究實(shí)驗(yàn)工作,國(guó)內(nèi)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了對(duì)同軸系統(tǒng)的研究。 同軸送粉是激光熔覆的材料供給方式中的先進(jìn)送粉方式 ,它沒(méi)有熱噴涂預(yù)置操作程序復(fù)雜,容易產(chǎn)生氣孔、脫落等缺陷。 ,是想把粉末均勻的分散之后再匯入一點(diǎn)進(jìn)入激光輻射區(qū)而位于焦平面上的形狀是倒錐形的。不能忽略這一因素。在儲(chǔ)粉斗攪拌系統(tǒng)中,在粉斗蓋上開(kāi)孔,然后嵌入密封套,避免粉斗中的粉末進(jìn)入軸承 座。 軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 跟據(jù)軸的使用場(chǎng)合和具體的使用情況,初步確定軸結(jié)構(gòu)如下: ⑴ 確定軸的尺寸 d1是與聯(lián)軸器連接的由于聯(lián)軸器的直徑為 12mm,故 d1 為 12mm。 由于粉輪每轉(zhuǎn)的送粉量為 ,而送粉器的送粉量為 3170g/min。給出看初步設(shè)計(jì)方案,送粉器首先要想辦法將團(tuán)聚體打散并進(jìn)行輸送,這里針對(duì)激光再制造較易實(shí)現(xiàn)的粉輪進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)并借助氣力進(jìn)行分散。濃度大,沉降速度減小,濃度相同時(shí),粉末顆粒愈細(xì),顆粒數(shù)目愈多,同一方向粉末顆粒體表面積就越大,因此遇到的阻力就越大,必然影響沉降與懸浮運(yùn)動(dòng)。所以顆粒群的干擾沉降速度,即顆粒群的懸浮速度比單顆粒的自由沉降速度小。 工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 19 頁(yè),共 49 頁(yè) D 一粉管截面直徑 。盡管粉體的氣力輸送在工業(yè)上已得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用,但對(duì)輸送系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)迄今仍以經(jīng)驗(yàn)為主 。 (5)摩擦角。粒度分布不均勻的粉末,不僅輸送壓力損失較大,且易堵塞。目前,對(duì)粉體物料進(jìn)行氣力輸送,已成為涉及采礦、 冶金、制藥、食品等眾多領(lǐng)域的普遍方法。如需要完整說(shuō)明書和 設(shè)計(jì) 圖紙等 .請(qǐng)聯(lián)系 扣扣:九七一九二零八零零 另提供全套機(jī)械畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)下載!該論文已經(jīng)通過(guò)答辯 盡管互相粘結(jié)的顆粒可以采用機(jī)械的方式進(jìn)行打散,然而機(jī)械分散后顆粒的大小畢竟有限,粉末仍會(huì)以小塊團(tuán)的方式存在,所以粉末間的作用仍然會(huì)存在,粉末仍然粘結(jié)團(tuán)聚。 (2)粉末輸送出來(lái)前的分散 該部分通過(guò)粉輪來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。 另外一種重要的,較容易實(shí)現(xiàn)的方法是機(jī)械分散,即用機(jī)械力把顆粒團(tuán)聚打散。其運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程如下,攪拌組建在直流電機(jī)的驅(qū)動(dòng)下轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí),粉斗中粉末在攪拌器的作用下進(jìn)入落粉腔。 基于超細(xì)粉末的特殊特性,采用特殊的方法來(lái)達(dá)到超細(xì)粉末輸送的目的: (1)在粉斗中增加特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的攪拌器避免粉末吸附于粉斗壁上,并在粉斗內(nèi)充滿平衡氣體,防止粉末回流。另外,當(dāng)粉末存在容器中時(shí),很容易產(chǎn)生粉末吸附于容器壁上或容器內(nèi)形成架橋現(xiàn)象。目前的激光熔覆技術(shù)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始應(yīng)用于精密熔覆和微成形,在這種加工過(guò)程中,需要對(duì)激光熔覆加工區(qū)域進(jìn)行微量輸送,這對(duì) 送粉器的性能要求很高。 ( 7) 電磁振動(dòng)送粉器:是基于機(jī)械力學(xué)和氣體動(dòng)力學(xué)原理工作的,反應(yīng)靈工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 12 頁(yè),共 49 頁(yè) 敏,由于是用氣體做為載流體將粉末輸出,所以對(duì)粉末的干燥程度要求高,微濕粉末會(huì)造成送粉的重復(fù)性差。粉末輸送率可以達(dá)到 ≤1g/min。 圖 工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 11 頁(yè),共 49 頁(yè) 送粉器的性能比較分析 ( 1)螺旋式送粉器:這種送粉器比較適合小顆粒粉末輸送 ,工作中 輸送均勻,連續(xù)性和穩(wěn)定性高,并且這種送粉方式,對(duì)粉末的干濕度沒(méi)有要求,可以輸送稍微潮濕的粉末。通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)鼓輪的轉(zhuǎn)速和更換不同大小的粉勺來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)送粉率的控制。刮板式送粉器適用于顆粒直徑大于 20μm 的粉末輸送 。為了使粉末充滿螺紋間隙,粉末存儲(chǔ)倉(cāng)斗底部加有振動(dòng)器,能提高送粉量的精度。 Amit Suri 和 Masayuki Horio 所試驗(yàn)的送粉器,一路氣體對(duì) 粉末進(jìn)行沸騰使之落入下部管道,另一路氣體運(yùn)輸降下的顆粒,通過(guò)兩路氣流能夠更好地控制送粉量。 2) 研究方法 工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文) 第 5 頁(yè),共 49 頁(yè) 1)文獻(xiàn)研究法 通過(guò)搜集查閱有關(guān)激光加工同軸送粉器的文獻(xiàn),了解激光加工同軸送器的發(fā)
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