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ate of GDP (Calvo and Robles, 2020). In the neoclassical growth model technological progress and labor growth are exogenous, inward FDI merely increases the investment rate, leading to a transitional increase in per capita ine growth but has no longrun growth effect (Hsiao and Hsiao, 2020). The new growth theory in the 1980s endogenizes technological progress and FDI has been considered to have permanent growth effect in the host countr y through technology transfer and spillover. There is ongoing discussion on the impact of FDI on a host country economy, as can be seen from recent surveys of the literature (De Mello, 1997, 1999。D are included. In this respect, Morck and Yeung (1991) hypothesize and provide evidence that FDI creates wealth when an expanding firm possesses intangible assets, such as superior production and management skills, marketing expertise, patents and consumer goodwill. definition The indicators tested in this study are selected on the basis of FDI theories and previous empirical literature. The indicators tested in the panel study and crosssection SUR, are the FDI determinants for which the data have been found for developing countries for at least 30 years. Data sets related to a number of developing countries are sometimes discontinuous for some variables (. not available for all 30 years). For that reason while defining the main determinants of FDI in this study, 24 developing countries for which uninterrupted data sets for 30 years at some variables could be used Developing countries list is reported in the Appendix. Hence, the forecasts related to main determinants of FDI in this study were obtained under these constraints. At the same time, some variables referred as FDI determinants by UNCTAC and used in literature were used in the same sampling. Panel data techniques has been used to estimate the FDI equations because of their advantages over crosssection and time series in using all the information available, which are not detectable in pure crosssections or in pure time series. In this study, the pool data (crosssection time series) has been created for 24 countries over 19752020 periods. T denotes the number of periods and N denotes the number of observations for each period. For making the evidence more reliable, five basic models were set up for analyses. After reliable estimators were derived from SUR and fully modified OLS (FMOLS) models, β convergence model was defined。大多數(shù)發(fā)展中國家缺乏技術(shù)能力 , 外國直接投資促進(jìn)技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移 ,并且縮小了 發(fā)展中國家 與 發(fā)達(dá)國家之間的技術(shù)差距, 實(shí)際 上外國直接投資 的 外部溢出效應(yīng) 被認(rèn)為 是現(xiàn)代技術(shù)傳播的最重要渠道。 FDI 研究所得的結(jié)果通常都比較敏感,這表明結(jié)果缺乏穩(wěn)健性。外國直接投資流動是全球化現(xiàn)象的 主要動力之一,因此外國直接投資的決定因素,將有助于國家的政治發(fā)展進(jìn)程。如果我們了解一下 模型的假設(shè),我們就會發(fā) 現(xiàn)這是可以理解的,這些假設(shè)是:不變的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì),持續(xù)的邊際產(chǎn)出的降低,完全競爭市場 ( Sass, 2020) ,積極的投入品的替代彈性。即使投資回報率下降 ,外商直接投資 會通過外部性影響經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展 。一般來說,只有在 FDI 以出口為導(dǎo)向的情況下,廉價的勞動力才做為吸引 FDI進(jìn)入的獎勵 ( Wheeler and Mody, 1992) 。因此,本篇研究中 FDI 主要影響因素的一些相關(guān)預(yù)測是在這種限制下獲得的,同時, UNCTAC 以及以往文獻(xiàn)中提到的一些 FDI 決定因素的變量也被引用了過來。外商直接投資帶來了巨大的管理挑戰(zhàn),這不僅是由于要保障外商的利益,更是為了國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會利益的最大化。 。 適當(dāng)?shù)膰鴥?nèi)政策有助 于吸引外商直接投資并且會增加其收益,同時消除其與本地企業(yè)的障礙。 一些發(fā)展中國家的某些變量的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)有時是不連續(xù)的( 30年中有間斷)。 這支持了一種觀點(diǎn),即:有效率的高開放度的環(huán)境會吸引外商直接投資的進(jìn)入。然而 , 內(nèi)生增長理論 ,忽略 了完全競爭市場結(jié)構(gòu)假設(shè)下 ,給 FDI 在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的影響方面留了更大的空間 。我在討論 FDI對東道國的影響 ,這可以從最近的 研究中看出來( De Mello, 1997, 1999; Fan, 2020; Lim, 2020)。這些包括的影響當(dāng)?shù)赜行缘耐度胍蛩?: 自然資源、市場規(guī)模 、 地理 位置、經(jīng)濟(jì)體位置 、文化和政治環(huán)境 、要素 價格 、 運(yùn)輸成本與政府經(jīng)濟(jì)政策 ( 貿(mào)易政策、產(chǎn)業(yè)政策 、 預(yù)算政策、稅收政策 ) 等。 另一方面 ,一般來說 ,外國投資者也受到了三 組要素的影響: ( 1)、 項(xiàng)目的盈利能力 ; ( 2)、附屬公司從事的一些經(jīng)營活動, 可以 很容易的 被整合到投資者全球戰(zhàn)略 的操作; ( 3)、東道國對環(huán)境的支持力度。 一、 介紹 為了 發(fā)展 一個國際經(jīng)濟(jì) 體系, 貿(mào)易歷來是聯(lián)系