城市環(huán)境土壤污染的原因外文翻譯-環(huán)境工程(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 observed in vicinity of a coal processing factory in Halle (Germany) with its 230,000 inhabitants (Fig. ). One important feature of urban areas is the often exposed land surface you can never discover in woodland and pasture and over long periods percentages of bare soils are private gardens and allotments in wintertime, playing fields, cemeteries, demolition and building sites, derelict and disused, mostly industrial land, waste heaps, railway embankments, and storage sites, where permanent dust deposition occurs (Thornton 1991). In urban and industrial areas sealed sites are influenced as well, since dust may easily perate into gaps between pavement stones, cobbles as well as railway embankments, constantly filling them up. It is supposed that dust will be laterally transported on the pavement stones and ultimately concentrated in gaps downslope (Burghardt and H246。在那里，一旦積塵發(fā)生，尤其是當(dāng)窗戶在白天開放時(shí)候。據(jù)推測(cè)灰塵會(huì)在人行道上橫向運(yùn)動(dòng)，并最終在下坡（瑞光和霍克2020 年）集中?？諝馕廴臼侵毓I(yè)以及化石燃料的有關(guān)金屬氣溶膠的燃燒。然而，其他因素以及預(yù)期的塵埃沉積靠近城市的影響情況。特別是在工廠有一個(gè)空氣污染過濾系統(tǒng)地區(qū)的數(shù)量與相對(duì)較少的地區(qū)之間的差別是巨大的。 所描述的與重金屬梯度有關(guān)，以及有機(jī)污染物，基本上是適用的傾向。 2020）磷礦開采，防塵表面誘導(dǎo)煤與導(dǎo)致環(huán)境中硒的增加。特隆赫姆已得到了生產(chǎn)和加工農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的大量企業(yè)。 2020A 型， 2020 年 b）。具體而言，一些地區(qū)被認(rèn)為是為了確認(rèn)兩者之間的一些因素和表層土壤污染狀況的密切相關(guān)。換句話說(shuō)，城市的影響的顯著性顯然小于礦山采礦影響。 2020 年）。 Pirdop（保加利亞）有色金屬冶金 8000 人口與密度不僅影響在工業(yè)小區(qū)緊鄰的土壤性狀。這個(gè)距離后面的百分比介于 1％和 2％。 一個(gè)城市 郊區(qū)梯度已經(jīng)證實(shí)了在高 5 馬拉喀什（摩洛哥）厘米， 1,200,000人（ 2020 年薩爾瓦多哈利勒等。2020 年）。例如，在漢諾威（德國(guó)） 52 萬(wàn)人口的城市，一個(gè)在 50 年內(nèi) 58 厘米的巨大積累的粉塵（瑞光和霍克 2020 年）。不到 10 微米的可吸入顆粒物含量指定是最適合人類健康的危險(xiǎn)界限。ke 2020). It is logical to expect that urban soils show higher contamination levels than the rural areas because of their proximity to a number of potential pollution sources. Big cities like New York (USA) with 23,200,000 inhabitants are affected by several contamination sources, for instance simultaneous industrial emission, impact of traffic, deposits of technogenic substrates, etc. Consequently, a decline in . Cu, Ni and Pb concentrations was found with increasing distance from the city centre (Manhattan) into the rural district outside of the city. While in Manhattan Pb topsoil values of more than 130 mg kg?1 were measured, at a distance of 50–60 km the values decreased to about 40 mg kg?1, and at a distance of 120–130 km to about 30 mg kg?1 (Pierzynski et al. 2020). The urbantorural gradient has frequently been found in developed countries of the northern hemisphere. Figure presents the lead concentrations of five relatively small towns in the United States. The contamination level of the urban lawn is parably high, as would be expected by the vicinity and exposure to high levels of air pollution in urban environments. The air pollution is related to metallic aerosols from heavy industry as well as bustion of fossil fuel. The investigations referred to lawns close to houses and in parks. Th
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