外文翻譯---一個(gè)審查和評(píng)價(jià)中國的旅游質(zhì)量保證體系的指導(dǎo)(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 ke Malta and Calvin’s (Dodd’s, 2020). Furthermore, it is not unmon to observe a mismatch between national government policy preferences and the actions of industry entrepreneurs and practitioners with regard to tourism sustainability (Dinica, 2020). Nevertheless, it is believed that government is able to indirectly in?uence sustainable tourism through regulatory mechanisms such as land use, infrastructure planning and market instruments (Mycoo, 2020), including the regulation of tour guiding. While tour guiding and interpretation can prove to be critical activities to sustainable tourism, little Research has been directed to the mechanisms used to regulate and control the quality of tour guiding and their implications for sustainable tourism. Quality assurance has been a subject of interest in the hospitality and tourism industry and in tourism research for some time, with postgraduate level theses (Black, 2020。 accreditation。Wong,2020。 Seek to achieve minimum standards for guiding. Professional associations aim to do this, for example, through selfregulation of members. Professional certi?cation is sometimes used where there is a perceived need for more independent and more widespread recognition and adherence to minimum standards。 不過，研究結(jié)果表明，在中國 的 導(dǎo)游質(zhì)量保證， 可能 過度依賴政府和行業(yè) 的 驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制 ，并且受到 某些元素 的制約，例 如監(jiān)測(cè) 、 執(zhí)法和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)優(yōu)秀的缺乏。這就是說， 對(duì)已經(jīng)取得的研究和對(duì)質(zhì)量保證的文章絕大多數(shù)集中在酒店和航空業(yè)的服務(wù) ，并限制相關(guān)導(dǎo)游和可持續(xù)發(fā)展。專業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)的目標(biāo)就是做到這一點(diǎn)。 一個(gè)關(guān)于中國的旅游指導(dǎo)的質(zhì)量保證體系的描述和評(píng)價(jià) 雖然導(dǎo)游質(zhì)量已經(jīng)成為國家旅游局的政策議程的主要問題之一，國家旅游局和地方旅游當(dāng)局已經(jīng)花費(fèi)相當(dāng)大的努力去規(guī)范導(dǎo)游行為，維護(hù)導(dǎo)游質(zhì)量，這并沒有被系統(tǒng)地記錄在案，并在公共領(lǐng)域報(bào)告。在中國的法律界規(guī)定，必須取得導(dǎo)游證才可以工作，這已經(jīng)成 為一個(gè)質(zhì)量保證機(jī)制的巨大潛力。 （ 3）導(dǎo)游培訓(xùn) 導(dǎo)游培訓(xùn)是中國導(dǎo)游系統(tǒng)中的一個(gè)元素，它可能是最不具剝削的顯示了質(zhì)量保證最大潛力的元素。在頂層，國家旅游局制定培訓(xùn)政策和計(jì)劃；國家旅游局很少直接舉辦導(dǎo)游培訓(xùn)班。另外，相對(duì)于導(dǎo)游的其他方面，這在很大程度上是由中國政府管制造成的。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)有兩個(gè)弱點(diǎn)。文化經(jīng)紀(jì)人和口譯 /教育家這些角色的重要性非常清晰，直接關(guān)系到由布萊克和韋勒確定的發(fā)展可持續(xù)旅游業(yè)的領(lǐng)先的角色，如旅游的青睞，管理旅游時(shí)間和空間，管理旅游健康和安全，遵守安全法律和道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并提供政府認(rèn)可的信息和基本的客戶服務(wù)。 此外，還有一種傾向就是，政府的審計(jì)和監(jiān)管角色以及行為是很容易觀察到的，并且也容易執(zhí)行。撇開監(jiān)管和執(zhí)法問題，根據(jù)中國的國家旅游實(shí)踐標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，所有導(dǎo)游的審查過程、許可證和登記過程都是法律規(guī)定的。作為導(dǎo)游審計(jì)系統(tǒng)，導(dǎo)游都必須采取非在職培訓(xùn)和積累不低于每年 56 小時(shí)的培訓(xùn)時(shí)間。這些培訓(xùn)中心在本地導(dǎo)游培訓(xùn)課程中發(fā)揮了多種重要作用。這筆錢在行業(yè)中的術(shù)語通常被稱為“頭費(fèi)”，而不是賺取薪金或工資，這是假定導(dǎo)游將通過購物傭金及小費(fèi)獲得他 /她的收入。 （ 1）專業(yè)認(rèn)證、許可和導(dǎo)游培訓(xùn) 布萊克與韋勒（ 2020）為確保旅游指導(dǎo)質(zhì)量描述了專業(yè)認(rèn)證、許可和相對(duì)強(qiáng)大的培訓(xùn)機(jī)制。這是優(yōu)秀獎(jiǎng)的功能，通常由專業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)或政府機(jī)構(gòu)公布。 此外，目前布萊克和韋勒審查的有關(guān)于質(zhì)量保證機(jī)制的特點(diǎn)或標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，包括該機(jī)制是否是強(qiáng)制性的還是自愿的一個(gè)矩陣。 此外，關(guān)于一個(gè)國家政府的政策之間的偏好和行業(yè)的企業(yè)家和從業(yè)者的行為與旅游業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的不匹配并不少見 (Dinica, 2020)。vis sustainable tourism. Also, in parison to other aspects of tour guiding, it is largely unregulated by the Chinese government. It is an area where much more could be done to achieve quality assurance and particularly to harness tour guides as role models and advocates for sustainable tourism. Conclusions An examination of the various elements of China’s quality assurance system for tour guiding in relation to both speci?c tour guiding roles and possible utility in fostering sustainable tourism in the country reveals its strengths and weaknesses as a system. An obvious strength is that there is a quality assurance system for tour guiding at all, and the pulsory nature of many elements of the system. Putting aside issues of regulation and enforcement, China’s National standard for tour guiding practice, its examination process, 6 and its licensing and registration process are all legal requirements to practice as a tour guide. These in turn lay the groundwork for enforcing minimum tour guiding standards across the industry. These processes, along with China’s national award system for excellent and model tour guides, contribute to the credibility of tour guiding in China and appreciation for its importance. The awards for excellence and the
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