【正文】 practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on oute. Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait wt monly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performerswhether in memory or surgery, ballet or puter programmingare nearly always made, not born. 21 The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to [A] stress the importance of professional training [B] spotlight the soccer superstars on the world cup [C] introduce the topic of what mules expert performance [D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others 22 The word ―mania‖ (Line4, Paragraph2) most probably means [A] fun [B]craze [C] hysteria [D]excitement 23 According to Ericsson, good memory [A] depends on meaningful processing of information [B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises [C] is determined by geic rather than psychological factors [D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration 24 Ericsson and his colleagues believe that [A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success [B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance [C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked [D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture 25 Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey? [A] ―Faith will move mountains‖ [B]One reaps what one sows [C]Practice makes perfect [D] Like father, like son Text2 For the past several years ,the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called ―Ask Marilyn ― People are invited query Marilyn vos Savant ,who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old。 that gave her an IQ of 228the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to plete verbal and visual analogies ,to envision paper after it has been folded and cut ,and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks, So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as ,What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers. Clearly, intelligence enpasses more than a score on a test, Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we earn about it from neurology, geics, puter and other fields? The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score .even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be .The test es primrily in two forms: the StanfordBi Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales(both e in adult and children’s version).Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, Rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by standardized tests ,such as the Scholastic Assessmen: Test (SAT)and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE),capture the main aspects of IQ tests . Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article ―How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?‖, Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytica and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, ponents also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under lowstress conditions, but under highstress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership –that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that testtaking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip. 26 Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test? [A] Answering philosophical questions [B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes [C] Telling the differences between certain concepts [D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones 27 What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3? [A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence [B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Inter [C] The test contents and formats for adults for adults and children may be different [D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence 28 Peop