【正文】 ndard ISO14649(STEPNC), its goal is provides one kind not to rely on the concrete system neutral mechanism, can describe in the product entire life cycle unified data model, thus realizes the entire manufacture process, and even each industry domain product information standardization. The STEPNC appearance is possibly a numerical control area of technology revolution, regarding the numerical control technology development and even the entire manufacturing industry, will have the profound influence. First, STEPNC proposed one kind of brandnew manufacture idea, in the traditional manufacture idea, the NC processing procedure all concentrates on the single puter. But under the new standard, the NC procedure may disperse on the Inter, this is precisely the numerical control technology open style, the work development direction. Next, the STEPNC numerical control system also may reduce the processing blueprint greatly (approximately 75%), the processing programming time (approximately 35%) and the process period (approximately 50%). At present, the European and American countries extremely took STEPNC the research, Europe initiate STEPNC IMS to plan (~). Participates in this plan to have es from European and Japan39。 The function part specialization production level and plete set ability are low。 Next looked safely from the national defense that, the Western developed country all lists as the precise and advanced numerical control product the national strategic material, realizes to our countr y embargoes and limits, “the Toshiba event” and “Cox reported” is the best illustration. development strategies Embarks from our country fundamental realities of the country angle, take the national strategic demand and the national economy market demand as the guidance, take enhances our country to make the equipment industry synthesis petitive ability and the industrial production level as the goal, with the system method, the choice can lead the 21st century initial period our country to make the key technologies as well as the support industrial production development support technology, the necessary technology which the equipment industry development promotes takes the research development the content, the realization manufacture equipment industry cross leap type development. Emphasized the market demand is the guidance, namely by the numerical control terminal product primarily, by the plete machine (for example quantity big surface broad numerical control lathe, milling machine, high speed high fine high performance numerical control engine bed, model digitization machinery, key profession essential equipment and so on) leads the numerical control industry the development. Key solution numerical control system and correlation function part (digitization servosystem and electrical machinery, high speed electricity main axle system and new equipment appendix and so on) reliable and scale of production question. Does not have the scale not to be able to have the redundant reliable product。 2. 外文原文應(yīng)以附件的方式置于譯文之后。s living standard, moreover also may alleviate our country employment the pressure, the safeguard society39。s realistic demand. Although from longitudinal looked our country39。 The numerical control system will open already bees the numerical control system road of the future. The socalled open style numerical control system is the numerical control system development may in the unified movement platform, face the engine bed factory and the enduser, through the change, the increase or the tailor structure object (numerical control function), forms the seriation, and may conveniently integrates user39。s Shanghai General Motors, already used by the high speed processing center position production line part substitution aggregate machinetool. American CINCINNATI Corporation39。重點(diǎn)解決數(shù)控系統(tǒng)和相關(guān)功能部件（數(shù)字化伺服系統(tǒng)與電機(jī)、高速電主軸系統(tǒng)和新型裝備 的附件等）的可靠性和生產(chǎn)規(guī)模問題。 ，與國(guó)外先進(jìn)水平大約落后 10～ 15 年，在高精尖技術(shù)方面則更大。 。第二階段是在國(guó)家的 “六五 ”、 “七五 ”期間以及 “八五 ”的前期，即引進(jìn)技術(shù)，消化吸收，初步建立起國(guó)產(chǎn)化體系階段。而在新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)下， NC程序可以分散在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上，這正是數(shù)控技術(shù)開放式、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化發(fā)展的方向。目前開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)范、通信規(guī)范、配置規(guī)范、運(yùn)行平臺(tái)、數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能庫(kù)以及數(shù)控系統(tǒng)功能軟件開發(fā)工具等是當(dāng)前研究的核心。 在 EMO2020 展會(huì)上，新日本工機(jī)的 5面加工機(jī)床采用復(fù)合主軸頭，可實(shí)現(xiàn) 4 個(gè)垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加工，使得 5 面加工和 5 軸加工可在同一臺(tái)機(jī)床上實(shí)現(xiàn)，還可實(shí)現(xiàn)傾斜面和倒錐孔的加工。 在加工精度方面，近 10 年來，普通級(jí)數(shù)控機(jī)床的加工精度已由 10μm 提高到 5μm，精密級(jí)加工中心則從 3～ 5μm，提高到 1～ ，并且超精密加工精度已開始進(jìn)入納米級(jí) ()。為此日本先端技術(shù)研究會(huì)將其列為 5 大現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)之一，國(guó)際生產(chǎn)工程學(xué)會(huì)（ CIRP）將其確定為 21 世紀(jì)的中心研究方向之一。高速、高精加工技術(shù)可極大地提高效率，提高產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和檔次，縮短生產(chǎn)周期和提高市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力。加工一薄壁飛機(jī)零件，只用 30min，而同樣的零件在一般高速銑床加工需 3h，在普通銑床加工需 8h；德國(guó) DMG 公司的雙主軸車床的主軸速度及加速度分別達(dá) 12*!000r/mm 和 1g。因此促進(jìn)了復(fù)合主軸頭類型 5 軸聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)床和復(fù)合加工機(jī)床（含 5 面加工機(jī)床）的發(fā)展。所謂開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)就是數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)可以在統(tǒng)一的運(yùn)行平臺(tái)上，面向機(jī)床廠家和最終用戶，通過改變、增加或 剪裁結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)象（數(shù)控功能），形成系列化，并可方便地將用戶的特殊應(yīng)用和技術(shù)訣竅集成到控制系統(tǒng)中，快速實(shí)現(xiàn)不同品種、不同檔次的開放式數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，形成具有鮮明個(gè)性的名牌產(chǎn)品。首先， STEPNC 提出一種嶄新的制造理念，傳統(tǒng)的制造理念中， NC加工程序都集中在單個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)上。在此階段，由于國(guó)外的技術(shù)封鎖和我國(guó)的基礎(chǔ)條件的限制，數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展較為緩慢。我國(guó)現(xiàn)在已基本掌握了從數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、 伺服驅(qū)動(dòng)、數(shù)控主機(jī)、專機(jī)及其配套件的基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)，其中大部分技術(shù)已具備進(jìn)行商品化開發(fā)的基礎(chǔ)，部分技術(shù)已商品化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化。從國(guó)際上來看，對(duì)我國(guó)數(shù)控技術(shù)水平和產(chǎn)業(yè)化水平估計(jì)大致如下。 強(qiáng)調(diào)市場(chǎng)需求為導(dǎo)向，即以數(shù)控終端產(chǎn)品為主，以整機(jī)（如量大面廣的數(shù)控車床、銑床、高速高精高性能數(shù)控機(jī)床、典型數(shù)字化機(jī)械、重點(diǎn)行業(yè)關(guān)鍵設(shè)備等）帶動(dòng)數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。 In the aviation and the astronavigation industry domain, its processing spare part many for the thin wall and the thin muscle, the rigidity is very bad, material for aluminum or aluminum alloy, only then in the high cutting speed and the cutting force very small situation, can to these muscles, the wall carry on the processing. Recently uses the largescale overall aluminum alloy semifinished materials “pull out spatially” the method to make the wing, the fuselage and so on the largescale ponents substitutes many ponents through the multitudinous rivets, the bolt and other joint way ass