【正文】 項(xiàng)目工程造價(jià)進(jìn)行估算，但又往往因?yàn)橹T多因素影響，三超 ” 現(xiàn)象相當(dāng)普遍，究其原因，主要有： (1) 人為因素造成概算降低。以致無法通過優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方案，編制初步設(shè)計(jì)、概算起到控制總造價(jià)的作用。 推行工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)方法是工程造價(jià)深化改革的一項(xiàng)重要措施，是規(guī)范招投標(biāo)行為的有效措施 ?，F(xiàn)場監(jiān)理的簽證必須有甲方工地負(fù)責(zé)人的簽章并征得設(shè)計(jì)人員的認(rèn)可等。 決策階段影響工程造價(jià)的主要因素有： a、 建設(shè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)水平的確定 。 因此，為了在投資決策階段做到有效控制工程造價(jià)，必須做好以下幾方面的工作： (1) 推行建設(shè)項(xiàng)目法人責(zé)任制，將建設(shè)項(xiàng)目從籌建到實(shí)施全過程中的資金使用和償還責(zé)任落實(shí)到人，同時建立與項(xiàng)目法人制度相配套的監(jiān)督機(jī)制，由行業(yè)主管部門和監(jiān)督部門共同設(shè)立監(jiān)察組，監(jiān)督項(xiàng)目資金的使用情況。技術(shù)先進(jìn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的設(shè)計(jì)能使項(xiàng)目建設(shè)縮短工期、節(jié)省投資、提高效益。 在工程設(shè)計(jì)階段正確處理技術(shù)與經(jīng)濟(jì)的對立統(tǒng)一關(guān)系，是控制項(xiàng)目投資的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，設(shè)計(jì)人員和造價(jià)管理人員必須密切配合，作好多方案的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較，在降低和控制項(xiàng)目投資上下功夫，工程造價(jià)管理人員在設(shè)計(jì)過程中應(yīng)及時對項(xiàng)目投資進(jìn)行分析對比，反饋造價(jià)信息，能動地影響設(shè)計(jì)，以保證有效地控制投資。通過限額設(shè)計(jì)，每一個專業(yè)、每一個設(shè)計(jì)人員都有一個投資限額的目標(biāo)。要搞好招標(biāo)投標(biāo)工作，首先是把好資格審查關(guān)，堅(jiān)決杜絕一切索賄受賄等破壞招標(biāo)投標(biāo)紀(jì)律的現(xiàn)象；其次，加強(qiáng)標(biāo)底管理，保證標(biāo)底編制的準(zhǔn)確性和保密性；第三，制定科學(xué)的評標(biāo)定標(biāo)方法，選擇中標(biāo)單位的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)從工程報(bào)價(jià)合理、工期短、企業(yè)信譽(yù)良好、施工經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富等方面考慮，評標(biāo)時，先評技術(shù)標(biāo)，后評商務(wù)標(biāo)，做到公開、公平、公正。 (4) 認(rèn)真做好竣工結(jié)算價(jià)的審核工作 工程竣工結(jié)算是指施工企業(yè)按照 合同規(guī)定的內(nèi)部全部完成所承包的工程，經(jīng)驗(yàn)收質(zhì)量合格，并符合合同要求之后，向建設(shè)單位進(jìn)行的最終工程價(jià)款結(jié)算。 其次，要明確概預(yù)算工作不僅要反映設(shè)計(jì)，計(jì)算工程造價(jià)，更要能動地影響設(shè)計(jì)，優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，并發(fā)揮控制工程造價(jià)，促進(jìn)合理使用建設(shè)資金的作用。s lawful rights and interests also effectively. With the socialist market economy uninterrupted growth,the original tender stage puts the budget quota valuation pattern into practice already doing not adapting , adopt the amounts project detailed list quoted price way being put into use monly on the international to carry out a tender is an inevitable trend. Ministry of Construction has issued amounts project detailed list valuation method , amounts project detailed list valuation has been in construction project tender job , person has provided project quantity from invitation to bid according to national unification project amounts calculation regulation , quoted price, and classics have judged the reason bidder autonomously trying the at a low price middle bid construction costs valuation pattern. That carrying out amounts project detailed list valuation method is one important measure of item of construction costs deepen the reform, is standard tender behavior effective measure. This method is beneficial to changing over taking that amounts , price are quotaconsuming as dominant static state managing a pattern , make project amounts in detailed list not enter petition, petition being confined to price only。s place on the international market for our country contracts business creates condition. The stage being under construction controls lack to construction costs Want to have strict control design alteration too in the stage being under construction. Guard the pass though that working drawing appears in joint trial or are able to have all sorts of problems, but call for to design a branch in the process of construction hard to avoid is strict out of the construction works plexity, the situation changing after avoiding doing first, is also that the weight avoiding break a rough estimate , effective control engineering of construction costs cost of construction plays with a link. At the same time, the sharpening contract manages , ensures equality and mutual benefit issuing contract of method and contracting method. The construction costs being pleted settling a stage39。 e, technology selection f, equipment selection . Such as the choice of builtup areas, there is a basic principle, that is close to raw materials, fuel and consumer principles. This project pleted and put into production, you can avoid the raw materials, fuels, and finished the longhaul transport, reduce costs, lower costs。 Allin cost costing in the reality being pleted checking and accepting a stage , assembling into engi neering construction process middle all round, weaves the final account being pleted , embodies the actual cost of construction that a construction project according to the facts. Four guess that twovalence is interrelated , the former restricts the latter , the latter supplements the former. What is called, build the construction costs administration and control, it is the occurrence contracting the stage and construction in the investment decision stage , design stage , construction project putting stage into practice with construction construction costs to control within the cost of construction quota O. K. , correcting the deviation happening at any time, to ensure that the project manages the target realization , get fairly good benefit of investment and social benefits in an attempt being able to use manpower and material resources, financial resources rationally in building a project one by one. Second, the importance of the investment decisionmaking stage of project cost control Construction projects in the investment decisionmaking stage, the project of the technoeconomic decisionmaking, as well as the cost of construction projects pleted and put into production after the project costeffective, have a decisive impact on the construction project cost control is an important stage. Project cost management as a decisionmaking stage in the feasibility study report shall be prepared, and economic evaluation of the proposed project, select the technically feasible and economically the construction of example programs and to optimize the construction program on the basis of the preparation of highquality items investment is estimated that the project construction so that the real control of the project has played the role of total investment. The impact of the decisionmaking phase of the project cost are the main factors: a, the determine level of construction standards。 Facilitate the tender quoted price job。 the final account personnel can do nothing for sb then in advance. Job of final account personnel does accounts in advance only under just saying system currently in effect, after the event , can only reflect already plete project amounts inactively , can only reflect design and be under construction passively. This evidently is singlefaceted , insufficient , we must carry out the entire proceeding supervisory control on the construction cos