外文翻譯--日本經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)與出口的快速增長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 iewed individually by the MITI. These policy measures effectively protect the domestic market, cultivating a reserve force major industries to ensure that the development of the domestic economy badly needed imports of raw materials and technical equipment, and expand the 4 main exports. However, on the other hand, it makes onesided expansion of export trade of Japan is deeply rooted in ideology among the Japanese economy, Japan39。戰(zhàn)后日本市場(chǎng)在 逐漸的開放中實(shí)現(xiàn)了快速的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。所以 大家現(xiàn)在說的市場(chǎng)開放主要是講本國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)與世界經(jīng)濟(jì)接軌。斯密在他的《國(guó)富論》中 ， 說明了自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的重要性，它可以自由地調(diào)節(jié)經(jīng)濟(jì)的運(yùn)行。這種理論在 70 年代以前一直處于主導(dǎo)地位。因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)時(shí)候日本產(chǎn)品的國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力很弱 ， 國(guó)際收支幾年下來都出現(xiàn)逆差 ，為保護(hù)國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)、換取外匯 ， 政府采取了嚴(yán)格的保護(hù)貿(mào)易和積極的振興出口政策。日本進(jìn)口自由化的速度很快。因?yàn)檫@次的推動(dòng) ， 1970 年 ， 外國(guó)對(duì)日本的直接投資了 1 億美元 (1. 14 億美元 )。在貿(mào)易、金融等領(lǐng)域調(diào)整政策 ，進(jìn)一步開放市場(chǎng)。在開放市場(chǎng)的過程中 ， 日本一直實(shí)行一個(gè)原則 ， 根據(jù)每個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展不同階段的生產(chǎn)狀況有選擇地開放 ， 任何產(chǎn)業(yè)的對(duì)外開放必須隊(duì)相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)和整個(gè) 國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的提高有利。經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的增長(zhǎng) ， 對(duì)增強(qiáng)本國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的承受力和應(yīng)變力是有利的 ， 也可以防止外國(guó)產(chǎn)品對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)和就業(yè)的沖擊 ， 并吸收國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì) ， 保障開放的進(jìn)行。 進(jìn)入 80 年代以后 ， 生產(chǎn)要素的跨國(guó)流動(dòng)更加頻繁 ， 國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)加劇 ， 許多國(guó)家和地區(qū)都進(jìn)行了改革 ， 增加市場(chǎng)開放的范圍和力度。但是 ， 事實(shí)上日本將資本市場(chǎng)自由化的時(shí)間是在 60 年代后期。在這種情況下 ， 日本必須承擔(dān)其它應(yīng)該履行的責(zé)任 ， 推行自由化。 1952 年 8 月 ， 日本參加了國(guó)際貨幣基金組織 (IMF)和世界銀行。經(jīng)濟(jì)自由主義在西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)中占統(tǒng)治地位長(zhǎng)達(dá) 100 多 年 ， 到 20 世紀(jì) 30 年代才被凱恩斯的經(jīng)濟(jì)干預(yù)主義給替代。從市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)成立到現(xiàn)在 ， 人們對(duì)市場(chǎng)機(jī)制一直存在著很多不同的看法。 一、市場(chǎng)開放與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的理論 市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)不但要求一個(gè)國(guó)家實(shí)行開放 ， 同時(shí)要求在世界范圍內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)開放。s rapid economic growth. Take full advantage of open markets not only its own resources, but also greater use of global resources, on the basis of parative advantage and improve resource allocation efficiency, promote the industry and the growth of overall economic strength. Growth in economic strength, and boosting their economies to withstand force and resilience, to better prevent foreign products on the domestic market and the impact of employment, and absorb domestic product, create jobs, and thus guarantee the smooth progress of opening up. Japan39。s obligation should be mainly to protect society, to protect everyone in the munity, so inviolable, construction and maintenance of some public utilities and facilities. The founder of classical school of economics new Marshall in his Principles of Economics, a book in a free petitive market economy for the assumptions and conditions, emphasizing the basic ideas of economic liberalism, the laissezfaire, the state intervention in economic life that as is the ideal policy. Can be seen that the classical school and the new classical school of economists found that the free market economy mechanism of effectiveness, but these 3 theories are based on imperfect petition and improve the market conditions on the assumption that Shenhua. Economic liberalism in the West dominated economics for 100 years until the 20th century, 30 years before giving way to Keynes39。s economic recovery and the relationship between the rapid growth of export 出 處： The Economist 作 者： Hirohisa Fujii 原 文： ABSTRACT Market liberalization and economic growth in an increasingly close relationship. Postwar Japan in the process of gradually opening the market to achieve rapid economic growth. But after the mid80s, because of Japan39。s foreign trade and for the subsequent further development of the eco
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