【正文】 screw and other connection way, make the intensity , rigidity and dependability of the ponent improved. All these, to processing and equipping the demand which has proposed highspeed, high precise and high flexibility. According to EMO2020 exhibition situation, highspeed machining center is it give speed can reach 80m/min is even high , air transport petent speed can up to 100m/min to be about to enter. A lot of automobile factories in the world at present, including Shanghai General Motors Corporation of our country, have already adopted and substituted and made the lathe up with the production line part that the highspeed machining center makes up. HyperMach lathe of . CINCINNATI Company enters to nearly biggest 60m/min of speed, it is 100m/min to be fast, the acceleration reaches 2g, the rotational speed of the main shaft has already reached 60 000r/min. Processing a thin wall of plane parts, spend 30min only, and same part general at a high speed milling machine process and take 3h, the ordinary milling machine is being processed to need 8h。 三、 原文 Numerical control technology and equipping development trend and countermeasure Equip the engineering level, level of determining the whole national economy of the modernized degree and modernized degree of industry, numerical control technology is it develop new developing new hightech industry and most advanced industry to equip (such as information technology and his industry, biotechnology and his industry, aviation, spaceflight, etc. national defense industry) last technology and getting more basic most equipment. Marx has ever said the differences of different economic times, do not lie in what is produced, and lie in how to produce, produce with some means of labor . Manufacturing technology and equipping the most basic means of production that are that the mankind produced the activity, and numerical control technology is nowadays advanced manufacturing technology and equips the most central technology. Nowadays the manufacturing industry all around the world adopts numerical control technology extensively, in order to improve manufacturing capacity and level, improve the adaptive capacity and petitive power to the changeable market of the trends. In addition every industrially developed country in the world also classifies the technology and numerical control equipment of numerical control as the strategic materials of the country, not merely take the great measure to develop one39。我們以資源、環(huán)境、市場為代價，交換得到的可能僅僅是世界新經(jīng)濟(jì)格局中的國際 “加工中心 ”和 “組裝中心 ”，而非掌握核心 技術(shù)的制造中心的地位，這樣將會嚴(yán)重影響我國現(xiàn)代制造業(yè)的發(fā)展進(jìn)程。 （ 2） 體系方面。雖然從縱向看我國的發(fā)展速度很快，但橫向比（與國外對比）不僅技術(shù)水平有 差距，在某些方面發(fā)展速度也有差距，即一些高精尖的數(shù)控裝備的技術(shù)水平差距有擴(kuò)大趨勢。 （ 1） 奠定了數(shù)控技術(shù)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)，基本掌握了現(xiàn)代數(shù)控技術(shù)。 2. 對我國數(shù)控技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的基本估計 我國數(shù)控技術(shù)起步 于 1958 年，近 50 年的發(fā)展歷程大致可分為 3 個階段：第一階段從 1958 年到 1979 年，即封閉式發(fā)展階段。 STEPNC 的出現(xiàn)可能是數(shù)控技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的一次革命，對于數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展乃至整個制造業(yè)，將產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)化數(shù)控裝備是 近兩年國際著名機(jī)床博覽會的一個新亮點(diǎn)。 在 EMO2020 展會上，新日本工機(jī)的 5 面加工機(jī)床采用復(fù)合主軸頭，可實(shí)現(xiàn) 4 個垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加工，使得 5 面加工和 5 軸加工可在同一臺機(jī)床上實(shí)現(xiàn)，還可實(shí)現(xiàn)傾斜面和倒錐孔的加工。 在加工精度方面，近 10 年來，普通級數(shù)控機(jī)床的加工精度已由 10μm提高到 5μm，精密級加工中心則從 3～ 5μm，提高到 1～ ，并且超精密加工精度已開始進(jìn)入納米級 ()。為此日本先端技術(shù)研究會將其列為 5 大現(xiàn)代制造技術(shù)之一，國際生產(chǎn)工程學(xué)會（ CIRP）將其確定為 21 世紀(jì)的中心研究方向之一。當(dāng)今世界各國制造業(yè)廣泛采用數(shù)控技術(shù)，以提高制造能力和水平，提高對動態(tài)多變市場的適應(yīng)能力和競爭能力。此外，世界上各工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國家還 將數(shù)控技術(shù)及數(shù)控裝備列為國家的戰(zhàn) 略物資，不僅采取重大措施來發(fā)展自己的數(shù)控技術(shù)及其產(chǎn)業(yè)，而且在 “高精尖 ”數(shù)控關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和裝備方面對我國實(shí)行封鎖和限制政策。 在轎車工業(yè)領(lǐng)域，年產(chǎn) 30 萬輛的生產(chǎn)節(jié)拍是 40 秒 /輛，而且多品種加工是轎車裝備必須解決的重點(diǎn)問題之一；在航空和宇航工業(yè)領(lǐng)域，其加工的零部件多為薄壁和薄筋，剛度很差，材料為鋁或鋁合金，只有在高切削速度和切削力很小的情況下，才能對這些筋、壁進(jìn)行加工。在可靠性方面，國外數(shù)控裝置的 MTBF 值已達(dá) 6 000h 以上，伺服系統(tǒng)的 MTBF 值達(dá)到 30000h 以上，表現(xiàn)出非常高的可靠性 。德國 DMG 公司展出 DMUVoution 系列加工中心，可在一次裝夾下實(shí)現(xiàn) 5 面加工和 5 軸聯(lián)動加工 ，可由 CNC 系統(tǒng)控制或 CAD/CAM 直接或間接控制。數(shù)控裝備的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化將極大地滿足生產(chǎn)線、制造系統(tǒng)、制造企業(yè)對信息集成的需求，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虛擬企業(yè)、全球制造的基礎(chǔ)單元。首先， STEPNC 提出一種嶄新的制造理念，傳統(tǒng)的制造理念中， NC 加工程序都集中在單個計算機(jī)上。在此階段，由于國外的技術(shù)封鎖和我國的基礎(chǔ)條件的限制，數(shù)控技術(shù)的發(fā)展較為緩慢。我國現(xiàn)在已基本掌握了從數(shù)控系統(tǒng)、伺服驅(qū)動、數(shù)控主機(jī)、專機(jī)及其配套件的基礎(chǔ)技術(shù)，其中大 部分技術(shù)已具備進(jìn)行商品化開發(fā)的基礎(chǔ)，部分技術(shù)已商品化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化。從國際上來看，對我國數(shù)控技術(shù)水平和產(chǎn)業(yè)化水平估計大致如下。從技術(shù)的角度關(guān)注數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)化問題的時候多，從系統(tǒng)的、產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的角度綜合考慮數(shù)控產(chǎn)業(yè)化問題的時候少；沒有建立完整的高質(zhì)量的配套體系、完善的培訓(xùn)、服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)等支撐體系。 我們應(yīng)站在國家安全戰(zhàn)略的高度來重視數(shù)控技術(shù)和產(chǎn)業(yè)問題，首先從社會安全看，因?yàn)橹圃鞓I(yè)是我國就業(yè)人口最多的行業(yè)，制造業(yè)發(fā)展不僅可提高人民的生活水平，而且還可緩解我國就業(yè)的壓力，保障社會的穩(wěn)定；其次從國防安全看，西方發(fā)達(dá)國家把高精尖數(shù)控產(chǎn)品都列為國家的戰(zhàn)略物質(zhì)，對我國實(shí)現(xiàn)禁運(yùn)和限制，“東芝事件 ”和 “考克斯報告 ”就是最好的例證。s own numerical control technology and industry, and implement blockading and restrictive policy to our country in view of highgrade, precision and advanced key technology of numerical control and equipping. In a word, develop the advanced manufacturing technology taking numerical control technology as the core and already bee every world developed country and accelerate economic development in a more costeffective manner, important way to improve the overall national strength and national position. Numerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information, integrated products of electromechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry, namely the socalled digitization is equipped, its technological range covers a lot of fields: (1)Mechanical manufacturing technology。 The speed and acceleration of main shaft of dual main shaft lathes of Germany DMG Company are up to 120200r/mm and 1g. In machining accuracy, the past 10 years, ordinary progression accuse of machining accuracy of lathe bring 5μm up to from 10μm already, accurate grades of machining center from 3～ 5μm, rise to 1～ , and ultraprecision machining accuracy is it enter nanometer grade to begin already (). In dependability, MTBF value of the foreign numerical control device has already reached above 6 000h, MTBF value of the servo system reaches above 30000h, demonstrate very high dependability . In order to realize highspeed, high fini