【正文】 形理論達(dá)到能對(duì)生產(chǎn)實(shí)際起指導(dǎo)作用 ,逐步建立起一套密切結(jié)合生產(chǎn)實(shí)際的先進(jìn)的工藝分析計(jì)算方法 .國(guó)外已開(kāi)始采用彈塑性有限元法對(duì)汽車(chē)覆蓋零件的成形過(guò)程進(jìn)行應(yīng)力應(yīng)變分析和計(jì)算機(jī)模擬 ,以預(yù)測(cè)某一工藝方案對(duì)零件成形的可能性和可能出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題。而冷沖模具制造是整個(gè)鏈條中最基礎(chǔ)的要素之一，冷沖模具制造技術(shù)現(xiàn)已成為衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家制造業(yè)水平高低的重要標(biāo)志，并在很大程度上決定企業(yè)的生存空間。 有些模具（落料、沖孔類(lèi)模具）為了出件方便，需在模架下設(shè)墊板。 4．導(dǎo)向零件導(dǎo)柱和導(dǎo)套是應(yīng)用最廣泛的一種導(dǎo)向零件。設(shè)計(jì)定位零件時(shí)應(yīng)考慮操作方便，不應(yīng)有過(guò)定位，位置要便于觀(guān)察，最好采用前推定位、外廓定位和導(dǎo)正銷(xiāo)定位等。 沖冷沖模全稱(chēng)為冷沖壓模具。如落料模、沖孔模、切斷模、切口模、切邊模、剖切模等。 （ 2）彎曲模 使板料毛坯或其他坯料沿著直線(xiàn)（彎曲線(xiàn)）產(chǎn)生彎曲變形，從而獲得一定角度和形狀的工件的模具。 冷沖壓模具是一種應(yīng)用于模具行業(yè)冷沖壓模具及其配件所需高性能結(jié)構(gòu)陶瓷材料的制備方法，高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料由氧化鋯、氧化釔粉中加鋁、鐠元素構(gòu)成，制備工藝是將氧化鋯溶液、氧化釔溶液、氧化鐠溶液、氧化鋁溶液按一定比例混合配成母液，滴入碳酸氫銨，采用共沉淀方法合成模具及其配件陶瓷材料所需的原材料，反應(yīng)生成的沉淀經(jīng)濾 水、干燥，煅燒得到高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料超微粉，再經(jīng)過(guò)成型、燒結(jié)、精加工，便得到高性能陶瓷模具及其配件材料。 3．壓料、卸料及出料零件壓料零件 有壓邊圈、壓料板等。其作用是保證凸凹模在沖壓工作時(shí)有精確的配合間隙。這時(shí)墊板最好與模板之間用螺釘連接在一起，兩 墊板的厚度應(yīng)絕對(duì)相等。 近年許多冷沖模具企業(yè)加大了用于技術(shù)進(jìn)步的投資力度，將技術(shù)進(jìn)步視為企業(yè)發(fā)展的重要?jiǎng)恿Α? (2)加快產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代 ,克服模具設(shè)計(jì)周期長(zhǎng)的缺點(diǎn) .應(yīng)大力開(kāi)展模具計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)和制造 (CAD/CAM)技術(shù)的研究 .在我國(guó) ,目前要特別注意加強(qiáng)多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模 CAD/CAM 技術(shù)的研究。除此之外，還有沖模的安裝、調(diào)整、使用以及維修等。間隙太大，會(huì)增加凸模與凹模端面邊緣的集中應(yīng)力，致使壓應(yīng)力急劇增加，于是刃口邊很快屈服變形而失去棱角。冷沖壓材料塑性不好，變形量小，沖壓時(shí)制件易破裂，也易擦傷模具。因此，在選用材料時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)制件的批量大小，合理選用模具材料。有的沖模硬度不宜過(guò)高，如采用 Crl2MoV 制造凹模硬度為 58～ 62HRC 時(shí)，一般壽命為 2— 3 萬(wàn)件，失效形式是崩刃和開(kāi)裂以及如果將硬度降到 54～ 58HRC，壽命提高到 5～ 6萬(wàn)件，但硬度降低到 50～ 53HRC 會(huì)出現(xiàn)凹模刃口易磨鈍 現(xiàn)象 。模具表面強(qiáng)化處理方法很多，表面處理的新技術(shù)工藝發(fā)展很快。 5．其他方面對(duì)模具壽命的影響 (1)壓力機(jī)的精度不高，也易使沖模損壞。 Die Life of cold stamping die and mprovements Overview of stamping die Stamping Die Stamping in the cold, the material (metal or nonmetallic) processing into parts (or half) of a special technical equipment, called cold stamping die (monly known as Die). Press is at room temperature, using the die installed in the press to put pressure on the material to produce a separation or plastic deformation, and thus to obtain the necessary parts of a pressure processing method. Stamping die in the form of many, the general categories according to the following main features: 1. According to the technical nature of (1) Die along the closed or open contour the material are derived from mold. If blanking die, punch die, cut off the mold, cut mode, cutting mode, split mode, etc.. (2) bending mode to blank or blank sheet along a straight line (curved line) to bend, deform, and thus obtain a certain angle and shape of the workpiece in the mold. (3) The drawing die is made of the blank sheet opening hollow, or hollow pieces of further changes to the shape and size of the mold. (4) Die rough or semifinished workpiece is convex according to plan, direct copy the shape of the die shape, the material itself, generate only local plastic deformation of the mold. Such as the bulging mode, reducing the die, expansion die, forming die rolling, flanging mold, plastic mold. 2. According to the degree classification process bination (1) single process model in a press tour, just pleted a die stamping process. (2) posite model is only one station, in a press tour, at the same station at the same time to plete more than two or two die stamping process. (3) Progressive Die (also known as the modulus of continuity) in the feeding direction, rough, with two or more of the station, at the press of a visit, work in different places on the pletion of two or two successive Road over stamping die process. Chong called cold stamping die Diewide. Cold stamping die is used in cold stamping die mold industry, and accessories required for highperformance structural ceramic materials, preparation methods, highperformance ceramic materials, molds and accessories from the zirconium oxide and yttrium aluminum powder increases, Pr element position, Preparation is the solution of zirconia, yttria solution, praseodymium oxide solution, according to a certain percentage of alumina solution when mixed liquor, ammonium bicarbonate infusion, by coprecipitation synthesis of ceramic materials, molds and accessories needed for raw materials, reaction precipitate generated by the treatment, drying, calcining and accessories by high performance ceramic mold material superfine powder, and then after forming, sintering, finishing, they will have highperformance ceramic materials, molds and accessories. Advantages of this invention is the invention made of cold stamping dies and parts and long service life, the process does not appear in the press and its parts and stamping die bond generated the phenomenon of stamping surface is smooth, no glitches, can replace traditional highspeed steel, tungsten steel. Die with the main parts Die stamping tools is the main process equipment, stamping rely on the relative movement under the mold pleted. Processing time because the upper and lower mold between the constant division and, if continued operation of the fingers of workers to enter or remain in the mold closed, there will certainly pose a serious threat to their personal safety. (A) of the mold main parts, function and safety requirements 1. Working parts is a direct punch to blank forming the working parts, therefore, it is the key to mold parts. Punch not only sophisticated and plex, it should meet the following requirements: (1) be of sufficient strength, can not be broken or destroyed during stamping. (2) should be appropriate to its material and heat treatment requirements, to prevent too high hardness and brittle fracture. 2. Positioning parts positioning part is to determine the location of the parts installed blank, there